Birds of the Canary Islands (Helm Field Guides)

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Politically part of Europe, but lying off the NW coast of Africa and on the edge of the W Palearctic, the Spanish Canary Islands are naturally in a special location in terms of biodiversity. Indeed, their sub-tropical climate and volcanic origins spanning millions of years have allowed time for the evolution of a remarkably wide range of endemic fauna and flora, most of which remains to this day, in contrast to many other island groups. Presentación general de la isla". Dracma (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 3 March 2016 . Retrieved 21 January 2010. Carracedo, Juan Carlos; Troll, Valentin R. (1 January 2021), "North-East Atlantic Islands: The Macaronesian Archipelagos", in Alderton, David; Elias, Scott A. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Geology (Second Edition), Oxford: Academic Press, pp.674–699, ISBN 978-0-08-102909-1 , retrieved 3 July 2022 Rapid Radiation of Canaries" (PDF). mbe.oxfordjournals.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 July 2015. Arnaiz-Villena, A; Ruiz V; Rodríguez C (1995). "El Cantor de África y sus híbridos" (PDF). Revista Pájaros. 23/24: 109–112.

The Canary Islands have eight airports altogether, two of the main ports of Spain, and an extensive network of autopistas (highways) and other roads. For a road map see multimap. [135] Traffic congestion is sometimes a problem in Tenerife and on Grand Canaria. [136] [137] [138] The islands have 14 seats in the Spanish Senate. Of these, 11 seats are directly elected (3 for Gran Canaria, 3 for Tenerife, and 1 each for Lanzarote (including La Graciosa), Fuerteventura, La Palma, La Gomera and El Hierro) while the other 3 are appointed by the regional legislature. [51] Political geography [ edit ] Barómetro Autonómico (III), (Comunidad autónoma de Canarias)" (PDF) (in Spanish). Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 May 2016 . Retrieved 23 September 2019. Day of the autonomous community. Anniversary of the first session of the Parliament of the Canary Islands. Large ferry boats and fast ferries link most of the islands. Both types can transport large numbers of passengers, cargo, and vehicles. Fast ferries are made of aluminium and powered by modern and efficient diesel engines, while conventional ferries have a steel hull and are powered by heavy oil. Fast ferries travel in excess of 30kn (56km/h; 35mph); conventional ferries travel in excess of 20kn (37km/h; 23mph), but are slower than fast ferries. [ citation needed] A typical ferry ride between La Palma and Tenerife may take up to eight hours or more while a fast ferry takes about two and a half hours and between Tenerife and Gran Canaria can be about one hour. [139]La Junta Suprema de Canarias. Volumen I. Buenaventura Bonnet y Riveron. Real Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País de Tenerife, Editorial: Editorial Interinsular Canaria SA, publicado en Santa Cruz de Tenerife en 1980 (reedición de 1948) Páginas 104–106 Ley 7/1991, de 30 de abril, de símbolos de la naturaleza para las Islas Canarias – in Spanish". Gobcan.es. 10 May 1991. Archived from the original on 8 August 2011 . Retrieved 26 April 2010. Archivo Intermedio Militar de Canarias. Gobierno de España" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 22 February 2017 . Retrieved 5 April 2017. Madeira (politically part of Portugal) and the Canary Islands (Spain) are two volcanic archipelagos in the North Atlantic, c.90 km off north-west Africa. Madeira (including the Desertas) is c.800 km 2 in area and reaches 1,860 m, while the Canary Islands total c.7,500 km 2 and rise (on Tenerife) to 3,700 m. The Selvagens (Portugal), situated between the two, are also part of the EBA. Madeira is particularly important for breeding seabirds, including Zino's Petrel Pterodroma madeira, an endemic breeder on Madeira itself, and Fea's Petrel P. feae, which nests on Bugio in the Desertas (one of a few breeding populations; see also EBA 078) (Zino and Biscoito 1994).

The endemic birds list includes:Laurel Forest Pigeon,Bolle’s Pigeon, Fuerteventura Stonechat,Canary Islands Chiffchaff, Tenerife Goldcrest andBlue Chaffinch. Four of the six birds are listed among the 29 globallythreatened bird species occurring in Europe. In addition, there is a large number of subspecies (around 30) and seabirds to look for. For instance, there are 4 subspecies of Blue Tit and 3 subspecies of Chaffinch. Montesinos Sirera, Jose Luis and Jurgen Renn (2004) Expeditions to the Canary Islands in the romantic period (1770–1830)". Humboldt.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de. Archived from the original on 31 January 2006 . Retrieved 26 April 2010. Béthencourt also established a base on the island of La Gomera, but it would be many years before the island was fully conquered. The natives of La Gomera, and of Gran Canaria, Tenerife, and La Palma, resisted the Castilian invaders for almost a century. In 1448 Maciot de Béthencourt sold the lordship of Lanzarote to Portugal's Prince Henry the Navigator, an action that was accepted by neither the natives nor the Castilians. Despite Pope Nicholas V ruling that the Canary Islands were under Portuguese control, the crisis swelled to a revolt which lasted until 1459 with the final expulsion of the Portuguese. In 1479, Portugal and Castile signed the Treaty of Alcáçovas, which settled disputes between Castile and Portugal over the control of the Atlantic. This treaty recognized Castilian control of the Canary Islands but also confirmed Portuguese possession of the Azores, Madeira, and the Cape Verde islands, and gave the Portuguese rights to any further islands or lands in the Atlantic that might be discovered.Physical geography [ edit ] Map of the Canary Islands Hacha Grande, a mountain in the south of Lanzarote, viewed from the road to the Playa de Papagayo Panoramic view of Gran Canaria, with Roque Nublo at the left and Roque Bentayga at the center a b Rosa, A. José Farrujia de la (26 November 2013). An Archaeology of the Margins: Colonialism, Amazighity and Heritage Management in the Canary Islands. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4614-9396-9. Farrujia de la Rosa, José (1 January 2015). "Written in stones: The Amazigh colonization of the Canary Islands". Corpus (in French) (14): 115–138. doi: 10.4000/corpus.2641. ISSN 1638-9808. S2CID 135307065.

There are also instances where I would like to have seen more information conveyed in the paintings and text. The seabirds, for example, are a group which benefit from identification by jizz as much as anything, but there is no attempt to illustrate that at all. While I accept that the field identification of the Fea's/Desertas/Zino's complex is difficult to impossible, it would have been nice to see a condensing of Flood and Fisher's work into an expanded plate. There is also no illustration of Boyd's Shearwater, and while that is consistent with the treatment of other species with a single record, it is mentioned in the text and likely to be more regular. Holidays [ edit ] The Dance of the Dwarves is one of the most important acts of the Lustral Festivities of the Bajada de la Virgen de las Nieves in Santa Cruz de La Palma. Dancers with typical costume in El Tamaduste ( El Hierro) Band of Agaete in the Traída del Agua ( Gran Canaria) The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the Canary Islands in 2015 was €40,923 million, €19,222 per capita. The figures by island are as follows: [134] GDP by island in million euros Island a b c d "Real Decreto de 30 de noviembre de 1833 – Wikisource". es.wikisource.org (in Spanish) . Retrieved 13 January 2023. Spain gave permission in August 2014 for Repsol and its partners to explore oil and natural gas prospects off the Canary Islands, involving an investment of €7.5billion over four years, to commence at the end of 2016. Repsol at the time said the area could ultimately produce 100,000 barrels of oil a day, which would meet 10 percent of Spain's energy needs. [128] However, the analysis of samples obtained did not show the necessary volume nor quality to consider future extraction, and the project was scrapped. [129]November 1833 the Province of Canary Islands had been created with the capital being declared as Santa Cruz de Tenerife. [86] The rivalry between the cities of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Santa Cruz de Tenerife for the capital of the islands led to the division of the archipelago into two provinces on 23 September 1927. [87]

During the Second World War, Winston Churchill prepared plans for the British seizure of the Canary Islands as a naval base, in the event of Gibraltar being invaded from the Spanish mainland. [89] [Note 1] The planned operation was known as Operation Pilgrim. [90] The function of a Canarian city with full jurisdiction for the entire archipelago only exists after the conquest of the Canary Islands, although originally de facto, that is, without legal and real meaning and linked to the headquarters of the Canary Islands General Captaincy. Not surprisingly, a series of geologically and biologically unique areas are present and no less than four of Spain's National Parks are located here. The highest mountain peak in Spain and the third largest oceanic volcano in the world - Mount Teide - in the National Park of the same name, is in some ways the crowning glory, especially as it is literally ringed below the bare summit by the endemic Canary Pine forest, but only forms part of the larger picture. Indeed the Canary Islands form an important part of Macaronesia, the N Atlantic islands complex. Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018 . Retrieved 24 June 2023.La población en Canarias" (PDF). Ine.es. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 July 2015 . Retrieved 5 August 2015. El Teide (Tenerife) es el parque nacional más visitado de Canarias con 2,8 millones de visitantes en 2008". Europapress.es. 31 August 2009. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011 . Retrieved 26 April 2010.