Arctis 9 Wireless Headphones with Microphone 61484

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Screen, J. & Simmonds, I. Increasing fall-winter energy loss from the Arctic Ocean and its role in Arctic temperature amplification. Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, L16707 (2010). Sigmond, M. & Fyfe, J. Has the ozone hole contributed to increased Antarctic sea ice extent?. Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, L18502 (2010).

To understand why CO 2-forced warming over the Antarctic continent is greater with flattened orography than with present-day orography, we now examine how (moist and dry) transport processes into the Antarctic respond differently to CO 2-doubling in the two cases. Increased moisture advection with flattened orography The faster warming rate in the Arctic compared to the globe as a whole is nowadays considered a robust fact. The phenomenon, called Arctic or polar amplification (AA), can be seen in both instrumental observations 1, 2, 3 and climate models 4 as well as in paleoclimate proxy records 5.

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Sejas, S. A., Taylor, P. C. & Cai, M. Unmasking the negative greenhouse effect over the Antarctic Plateau. npj Clim. Atmos. Sci. 1, 1–9 (2018). The physical mechanisms behind the underestimation of AA in climate models remain unknown, but may be related to, e.g., errors in the model sensitivity to greenhouse gas forcing and in the distribution of the forced heating between the atmosphere, cryosphere and the ocean, and in different heights/depths in the atmosphere/ocean. Moreover, internal variability or uncertainties in observations may also contribute to the difference in AA between climate models and observations.

McCannon, John. A History of the Arctic: Nature, Exploration and Exploitation. Reaktion Books and University of Chicago Press, 2012. ISBN 9781780230184

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A paleontologists Alaskan adventure". New Scientist. 9 June 2012. Archived from the original on 12 April 2022 . Retrieved 30 March 2022. Radford, Tim (2 September 2020). "Arctic heating races ahead of worst case estimates". Climate News Network. Archived from the original on 4 September 2020 . Retrieved 3 September 2020. GISTEMP spatially extrapolates temperatures into unmeasured regions using a 1200-km radius of influence for the stations. BEST employs kriging-based spatial interpolation, and HadCRUT5 uses their own statistical infilling method. In all these datasets, areas of sea ice are treated as if they were land, and SST observations are used and extrapolated only at the grid cells which are ice free. The coverage of sea ice is obtained from Met Office Hadley Centre sea ice and sea surface temperature data set, HadISST2 65. Myers-Smith, Isla H.; Forbes, Bruce C.; Wilmking, Martin; Hallinger, Martin; Lantz, Trevor; Blok, Daan; Tape, Ken D.; Macias-Fauria, Marc; Sass-Klaassen, Ute (1 January 2011). "Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems: dynamics, impacts and research priorities". Environmental Research Letters. 6 (4): 045509. Bibcode: 2011ERL.....6d5509M. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045509. ISSN 1748-9326.