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M.H. Stone, M. Stone and W.A. Sands: Principles and Practice of Resistance Training, 1st edition, (2007), p. 175-182.
The longus colli, also called the longus cervicis, is a long muscle that spans the entire length of the cervical spine and the upper vertebrae of the thoracic spine. It is divided into three parts: Muscle atrophy resulting from disease rather than disuse is generally one of two types, that resulting from damage to the nerves that supply the muscles, and disease of the muscle itself.
The superior part arises from the anterior tubercles of transverse processes of vertebrae C3-C5 and inserts into the anterior tubercle of vertebra C1. Depending on the type, the primary function of muscle is to move the bones of the skeleton. However, muscles also enable the heart to beat and can be found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the intestines, uterus and stomach.
The function of the anterior scalene muscle depends on its point of action and whether the muscle acts alone or together with its contralateral counterpart. The twitching phenomenon that happens in the early stage of sleep is called a hypnagogic massive jerk, or simply a hypnic jerk. It has also been referred to as a sleep start. There has been little research on this topic, but there have been some theories put forth. The sternocleidomastoid muscle is innervated by the accessory nerve (CN XI) and anterior rami of spinal nerves C2 and C3. Vascular supply to this muscle is derived from branches of the occipital, posterior auricular, superior thyroid and suprascapular artery.Speak to a pharmacist about the best treatment for you. They might suggest tablets, or a cream or gel you rub on the skin. Fascicles or bundles (group of muscle fibres) of skeletal muscles can be arranged into four basic structural pattern, circular, parallel, convergent, and pennate. This difference in fascicular arrangement also accounts for the different shapes and functional capabilities of various skeletal muscles. The nerve supply to the omohyoid is provided by the ansa cervicalis. Its blood supply stems from the superior thyroid branch of the external carotid artery, and inferior thyroid branch of the thyrocervical trunk. Palastanga, N., & Soames, R. (2012). Anatomy and human movement: structure and function (6th ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.