Bad Advice: How to Survive and Thrive in an Age of Bullshit

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The mandala workshop bore many of the tell-tale signs of bullshit. The session was empty of facts and full of abstractions. Participants skipped between buzzwords such as ‘authenticity’, ‘self-actualisation’ and ‘creativity’. I found it impossible to attribute meaning to this empty talk. The harder I tried, the less sense it made. So, during the event, I politely played along. This is an entertaining book about recognizing bullshit, researching and calling it out. Much of the book describes the various types of bullshit, and the research required to snoop out its origin. Then, a short portion of the book is about calling it out; how to call it out, and even when to call it out. The book is filled with anecdotal bullshit, and the research the author used to ferret out its origin. Much of the bullshit is unintended--it is simply a matter of passing along incompetent analyses and conclusions. When bullshit is intentional--that is simply called lying.

I started this book while waiting for Abbu outside the ICU. The book ends today. So, today again I went to the hospital in front of the ICU. Currently reading this one, but noticed that no one has yet dropped the link for the professors' course at UW, which has been available online since before the book was finished: https://www.callingbullshit.org/sylla... I'd also like to add some context. In a short aside in his book On Bullshit (2005), Frankfurt describes an interaction between the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein and Fania Pascal, Wittgenstein’s friend and Russian teacher. ‘I had my tonsils out and was in Evelyn Nursing Home feeling sorry for myself,’ Pascal wrote. ‘Wittgenstein called. I croaked: “I feel just like a dog that has been run over.”’ Wittgenstein, apparently, was disgusted: ‘You don’t know what a dog that has been run over feels like.’ ii It was in Scotland and the ball went into a burn, as we say up there. A burn is a stream, not a lake.(In fact there is only one lake in Scotland, but that is another story.) Tom, you clearly think confidence is a cod and this strongly-held opinion trumps a fair-minded scrutiny of the scientific literature.

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The tutorial system displayed on a bi-weekly basis who was intelligent and hard working. The conversation at hall dinner served the same purpose. The only snobbery I encountered was intellectual, people tended to sneer at those who only took an interest in their own subject, or who couldn’t keep up. It is when you lie to yourself that one veers to bullshit; but it is still not quite bullshit but more about a person revving up their confidence, requiring that they bury or suppress any sense of uncertainty or hesitation.

So how can one hope to rid the world of increasing levels of bullshit? Since it’s easier to create bullshit than to refute it, simply refuting each new instance of bullshit seems like a losing battle. The better strategy is educational; if you can inoculate enough people against falling for bullshit in the first place, bullshit never gains enough traction to require costly efforts at refutation. There's a chapter on causality and the authors mention smoking and cancer as a "clear-cut" causal link. But that's no explanation: just saying it's obvious should ring bullshit alarms. It would have been instructive to explain how we know that smoking causes cancer. We do know that. It is true. It can be explained to people. You can show them the overwhelming evidence. You can explain the Uncle Norbert fallacy. But that takes time. More importantly, getting citizens or even doctors to read the original science is not how the progress in tobacco control was achieved. And so with the arrival and US federal mismanagement of the pandemic, and the associated disinformation campaigns and conspiracy theories, it turns out the release of Calling Bullshit is more timely than the authors imagined when they began their project years ago.

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I guess this is Sagan's Demon-Haunted World for 2021? Both authors go through the most common ways that data is used to bullshit people and to create narratives. It grew out of a university course (Calling Bullshit) and goes over ways data is misrepresented, chosen, how sometimes counter-intuitively data can be interpreted, how people trying to sell you stuff or ideas can manipulate data to tell the story they want to tell, Despite my complaints (some of which are probably beyond the authors’ control), Calling Bullshit presents a thoughtful, careful and engaging deconstruction about how to spot and disprove nonsense. It should be required reading for high school and university students as well as for any thinking person who is working to identify questionable news sources and stories, and navigate their way around social media in these weird times.