Shirahama, H., Lee, B. H., Tan, L. P. & Cho, N. J. Precise tuning of facile one-pot gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) synthesis. Sci. Rep. 6, 31036 (2016). To measure electrical conductivity of each gel, the cylindrical hydrogels were prepared (cross-sectional area: 3.14 × 1.0 cm 2; length: 1.0 cm). Then, two-terminal electrical resistance (Ω) was monitored using digital multimeter (Dawson), and the electrical conductivity was calculated as follows: Electrical conductivity (S cm −1) = L/ R × A, where R is (electrical resistance, Ω), A is (Atra of cross-sectional (cm 2) = 3.14 × radius 2), and L is (length, cm). Furthermore, LED emission was visualized while hydrogel was serially connected. In vitro cell culture Bortel, A., Yao, Z. S. & Shmuel, A. Dexmedetomidine—commonly used in resting-state and neurovascular coupling studies—is prone to inducing seizures in rats but not in wild type mice. Front Neurosci. 14, 832 (2020).

Kilkenny, C., Browne, W. J., Cuthill, I. C., Emerson, M. & Altman, D. G. Improving bioscience research reporting: the ARRIVE guidelines for reporting animal research. PLoS Biol. 8, e1000412 (2010). To understand the effects of the HFMF on the differentiation fates of cells, MAP-2- and GFAP-positive cells were evaluated. The percentages of neurons in both groups treated with GYB were higher than those in the control and control+HFMF groups; a 2.5-fold increased neuronal differentiation was observed in the cys-GYBs+HFMF group compared to the control group (Fig. 4e), suggesting the positive influence of electromagnetized cys-GYBs on successful neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, the mature NSCs that migrated from the neurospheres were evaluated by calculating the number of migrated zones (Fig. 4c). The area between the inner neurosphere and outer line represented a cell migration zone. These results showed an approximately 1.9-fold increase in MAP-2-positive neuronal cells migrating away from the neurospheres after treatment with GYBs+HFMF (Fig. 4f). The behaviors were potentially attributed to the particles, and the induced currents substantially promoted the interactions between cells and the cell/matrix in the neurospheres by activating intracellular signaling pathways, increasing self‐renewal ability, and accelerating differentiation 28, 29, 38. Zhang, L. G. et al. An NT-3-releasing bioscaffold supports the formation of TrkC-modified neural stem cell-derived neural network tissue with efficacy in repairing spinal cord injury. Bioact. Mater. 6, 3766–3781 (2021). The average size and zeta potential of nanoparticles were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS, Nano-ZS, Malvern). Samples were dispersed into water in glass cuvette. The size distribution of nanoparticles was measured by the light hit particles in a period. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, JSM-7000F, Japan), a transmission electron microscope (TEM, JEM-2100, Japan) was applied to observe the morphologies of nanoparticles. The elemental mapping of nanoparticles was performed by the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) of TEM. For SEM analysis, all the samples were dried on the silicon wafers at room temperature and gilded with an ultrathin platinum layer on the wafer to enhance the image quality taken in the experiments through the intensive electronic sputtering. For TEM analysis, nanoparticles were dried on the copper grid and took digital pictures of several locations on the grid to observe the lattice of crystallite and obtain a representative set of images. High-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (HRXPS, PHI Quantera SXM, Japan) can determine the surface composition of nanoparticles. Microfluidic chip manufacturingThe grid test was carried out in a 2.5 × 2.5 cm 2 square wire fence with a grid area of 12 cm × 36 cm × 10 cm (length/width/height) was used. During the experiment, mice were placed on the fence alone and the number of foot faults, when the foot was not supported and went through the grid hole, was calculated by number of foot faults/(foot faults + number of non-foot-fault steps) × 100. Animals were tested at 4, 14, 21, 28, 49, and 82 days after TBI following transplantation. Statistics and reproducibility The BOLD activation maps were created using the 3dDeconvolve general linear model function with the given boxcar design of the stimulation paradigm by AFNI 56. The normalized BOLD responses were determined by the evoked BOLD signals over the injured regions of interests (ROIs) on the left hemisphere then dividing the BOLD signals over the equivalent non-injured (contralateral) ROIs on the right hemisphere. In this study, ROIs were selected based on the basis of clusters of functional activations of primary somatosensory cortex of forelimb (S1FL) and primary motor cortex (M1) according to the Allen mouse brain atlas 58. The activation map of the BOLD fMRI responses to forepaw stimulation was determined by Z-test analysis 59. The significant level was set at Z > 2.3 ( p< 0.05), and the group-level BOLD fMRI Z‐maps was then superimposed on the RARE T2 anatomical images of Allen mouse brain atlas 58. Jung, W. B., Im, G. H., Jiang, H. & Kim, S. G. Early fMRI responses to somatosensory and optogenetic stimulation reflect neural information flow. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2023265118 (2021). Not only will this radiator blend beautifully with your house, but it also offers functionality as well. The double bar design provides optimal heat output and is by far the most efficient heating option. We offer a selection of sizes too so you can be sure we will have the perfect option regardless of room-size or need. Built from high-quality, durable steel means it will stand the test of time too and comes with a 10-year guarantee.

Today, Honda have harnessed their design and technology expertise to create a versatile repertoire of lawn, garden and power products from lawn mowers and brush cutters through generators and water pumps to tillers and snow throwers. Their patented Roto-stop feature is their latest benchmark in design, providing complete safety and peace of mind by allowing users to stop their lawn mower blades turning without switching the engine off.Song, K.-I. et al. Adaptive self-healing electronic epineurium for chronic bidirectional neural interfaces. Nat. Commun. 11, 4195 (2020). The electrical conductivities of (-) cys-GYBs (MB only), cys-GYBs 1, cys-GYBs 5 and cys-GYBs 10 were also investigated, and the electrical conductivity needed to be improved by the GYB conductors to enable the construction of a continuous electrical flow (solid blue line, Fig. 2m). As shown in Fig. 2n, weak conductivity was detected in the inefficient coverage of cys-GYB on MBs ((-) cys-GYBs and cys-GYBs 1). The cys-GYBs 10 group exhibited enhanced conductivity compared with all the other groups, and its conductivity was seven times higher than that of the (-) cys-GYBs group. The high conductivity of GYB 10 was potentially attributed to a large amount of cys-GYBs present in each MB. Statistical analyses were performed by GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software, version 8.0) on data from three or more independent experiments. Error bars indicate SD for three or more independent experiments. The differences between groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s or Tukey’s multiple-comparison test as indicated in figure legends. * P< 0.05, ** P< 0.01, *** P< 0.001, **** P< 0.0001 were considered statistically significant. The full statistical results are provided in the Source data file. All experiments in Fig. 1c; 2b-c; 2l; 4c; 8b and Supplementary Figures 1a; 2a-b; 3a; 5a-f; 7; 8; 10; 11a-c; 13b, 14 were repeated at least three times independently with similar results. Reporting summary Wang, Q. et al. The Allen mouse brain common coordinate framework: a 3D reference atlas. Cell 181, 936–953 (2020). The surgical procedure was performed in accordance with the protocol approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. The GelMA MBs were immersed in PBS for full swelling. C57BL/6 mice (Female, 7 weeks) were divided into four groups ( n = 6): (1) phosphate buffered saline (PBS), (2) MBs, (3) CMH, and (4) CMH + HFMF groups. An electric drill was first used to drill a hole on the skull when applying TBI to mice. Afterwards, a punch with 2 mm in diameter was adopted to give a 1.5 mm injury in depth. After removing the brain tissue, 10 μL of MBs or CMH (based on fractional void volume of CMH, the volume of gel was 61%(v/v) of gel in PBS solution) were injected by syringe. For HFMF treatment group, HFMF was applied 5 min/day until mice were sacrificed. To quantify the results, 25 slices per animals and 3 ROIs in lesion/trauma regions were randomly chosen and calculated. Brain collection and immunofluorescence staining

Wong, S. W., et al. Inhibition of aberrant tissue remodelling by mesenchymal stromal cells singly coated with soft gels presenting defined chemomechanical cues. Nat. Biomed. Eng. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-021-00740-x (2021). Graham, N. S. Understanding neurodegeneration after traumatic brain injury: from mechanisms to clinical trials in dementia. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 90, 1221–1233 (2019). We would always recommend using an inhibitor when installing any new radiator. One will be recommended when you add the radiator to the basket.Kuan, C. Y. et al. The preparation of oxidized methylcellulose crosslinked by adipic acid dihydrazide loaded with vitamin C for traumatic brain injury. J. Mater. Chem. B 7, 4499–4508 (2019). Wang, J. et al. Injectable silk sericin scaffolds with programmable shape-memory property and neuro-differentiation-promoting activity for individualized brain repair of severe ischemic stroke. Bioact. Mater. 6, 1988–1999 (2020). Lee, I. C. & Wu, Y. C. Assembly of polyelectrolyte multilayer films on supported lipid bilayers to induce neural stem/progenitor cell differentiation into functional neurons. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6, 14439–14450 (2014). Rosnow, R. L. & Rosenthal, R. Computing contrasts, effect sizes, and counternulls on other people’s published data: general procedures for research consumers. Psychol. Methods 1, 331–340 (1996). With its compact design and perfectly matching auxiliary components enable the engines to be mounted in an extensive range of equipment.