Freitas, Robert; Merkle, Ralph (2004). "Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines - Freitas-Merkle Map of the Kinematic Replicator Design Space (2003–2004)" . Retrieved 2013-06-29. M. Sipper, Fifty years of research on self-replication: An overview, Artificial Life, vol. 4, no. 3, pp.237–257, Summer 1998. a b HenryQuastler (1964) Emergence of Biological Organization, Yale University Press, New Haven Connecticut ASIN: B0000CMHJ2 Metzger, Philip; Muscatello, Anthony; Mueller, Robert; Mantovani, James (January 2013). "Affordable, Rapid Bootstrapping of the Space Industry and Solar System Civilization". Journal of Aerospace Engineering. 26 (1): 18–29. arXiv: 1612.03238. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000236. S2CID 53336745. Self-Replicating Automated Industrial Factory (1973-present)". Molecularassembler.com. 2005-08-01 . Retrieved 2009-09-16.

A 2016 article in The New Yorker noted that replicators may be a "metaphor for the distant endpoint of the Industrial Revolution". [14] They point out that technology as presented in Star Trek: The Next Generation changes the moral equation of being human, because nearly anything you want can be created with a request. [14]A speculative, more complex "chip factory" was specified to produce the computer and electronic systems, but the designers also said that it might prove practical to ship the chips from Earth as if they were "vitamins". For a discussion of other chemical bases for hypothetical self-replicating systems, see alternative biochemistry. NVIDIA Isaac Sim™ is a scalable robotics simulation application and synthetic data-generation tool that powers photorealistic, physically accurate virtual environments to develop, test, and manage AI-based robots. Isaac Sim uses Omniverse Replicator as its powerful synthetic data-generation engine. The Foresight Institute has published guidelines for researchers in mechanical self-replication. [13] The guidelines recommend that researchers use several specific techniques for preventing mechanical replicators from getting out of control, such as using a broadcast architecture.

Toth-Fejel, Tihamer (2004). "Modeling Kinematic Cellular Automata: An Approach to Self-Replication". NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts. Recent research [7] has begun to categorize replicators, often based on the amount of support they require. The idea that life began as clay crystals is 50 years old". bbc.com. 2016-08-24. Archived from the original on 2016-08-24 . Retrieved 2019-11-10. a b von Neumann, John; Burks, Arthur W. (1966), Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata. (Scanned book online), University of Illinois Press , retrieved 2017-02-28

For a detailed article on mechanical reproduction as it relates to the industrial age see mass production. In 1802 William Paley formulated the first known teleological argument depicting machines producing other machines, [13] suggesting that the question of who originally made a watch was rendered moot if it were demonstrated that the watch was able to manufacture a copy of itself. [14] Scientific study of self-reproducing machines was anticipated by John Bernal as early as 1929 [15] and by mathematicians such as Stephen Kleene who began developing recursion theory in the 1930s. [16] Much of this latter work was motivated by interest in information processing and algorithms rather than physical implementation of such a system, however. In the course of the 1950s, suggestions of several increasingly simple mechanical systems capable of self-reproduction were made — notably by Lionel Penrose. [17] [18] Von Neumann's kinematic model [ edit ]

Robert A. Freitas Jr.; Ralph C. Merkle (2004). Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines. Landes Bioscience. p.5. Captain Janeway feared that if this technology were acquired by a civilization before they were ready, disastrous consequences could ensue. For this reason, and because of the Prime Directive, Janeway refused to give away the technology at any price. Accelerate the creation of synthetic data for computer vision applications with the new Omniverse Replicator release.

A number of patents have been granted for self-replicating machine concepts. [58] U.S. Patent 5,659,477 "Self reproducing fundamental fabricating machines (F-Units)" Inventor: Collins; Charles M. (Burke, Va.) (August 1997), U.S. Patent 5,764,518 " Self reproducing fundamental fabricating machine system" Inventor: Collins; Charles M. (Burke, Va.)(June 1998); and Collins' PCT patent WO 96/20453: [59] "Method and system for self-replicating manufacturing stations" Inventors: Merkle; Ralph C. (Sunnyvale, Calif.), Parker; Eric G. (Wylie, Tex.), Skidmore; George D. (Plano, Tex.) (January 2003). In 2004, Robert Freitas and Ralph Merkle published the first comprehensive review of the field of self-replication, in their book Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines, which includes 3000+ literature references. Much of the design study was concerned with a simple, flexible chemical system for processing the ores, and the differences between the ratio of elements needed by the replicator, and the ratios available in lunar regolith. The element that most limited the growth rate was chlorine, needed to process regolith for aluminium. Chlorine is very rare in lunar regolith. Freitas Interstellar Probe Replicator (1979-1980)". Molecularassembler.com. 2005-08-01 . Retrieved 2009-09-16. Moore, Edward F. (October 1956). "Artificial Living Plants". Scientific American. 195 (4): 118–126. Bibcode: 1956SciAm.195d.118M. doi: 10.1038/scientificamerican1056-118.

Natural replicators have all or most of their design from nonhuman sources. Such systems include natural life forms. It is designed to help deter China and overcome its mass by having the U.S. innovate and deter by using lots of small, smart and cheap platforms. Robert A. Freitas Jr.; Ralph C. Merkle (2004). Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines. Landes Bioscience. p.11.

For an image that does not show how this replicates, see: Eric W. Weisstein. "Sphinx." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Sphinx.html Clark said the U.S. needs to increase its prototyping tempo to assess solutions and change the solutions over time. Scharre made a similar point about the need for an increased prototyping pace.