See also: History of slavery in the Muslim world and Islamic views on slavery By country [ edit ] Australia [ edit ]

Black and White Muslin - Etsy UK

a b Rossetter, Shelley; Tobin, Thomas C. (October 18, 2012). "Louis Farrakhan renews call for self-determination among Nation of Islam followers". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on November 5, 2012 . Retrieved November 19, 2012.Barrett, David V. (2001). The New Believers: A Survey of Sects, Cults and Alternative Religions. London: Cassell and Co. ISBN 978-0304355921.

African-American Muslims - Wikipedia African-American Muslims - Wikipedia

Age profiles vary between the 18 ethnic groups, highlighting that when these are aggregated into the higher-level, five-ethnic group classification some of the differences between groups are masked. Akom, A. A. (2007). "Cities as Battlefields: Understanding how the Nation of Islam impacts Civic Engagement, Environmental Racism, and Community Development in a Low Income Neighborhood". International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education. 20 (6): 711–730. doi: 10.1080/09518390701630858. S2CID 145201636. a b c MacFarquhar, Neil (February 26, 2007). "Nation of Islam at a Crossroad as Leader Exits". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 23, 2020 . Retrieved March 21, 2021. The NOI has been the subject of much scholarly attention. [457] Initial research was largely undertaken by historians and sociologists in the late 1950s and 1960s and was often hostile or dismissive; research influenced by disciplines like religious studies and gender studies followed later. [458] Gabriel, Theodore (2003). "The United Nuwaubian Nation of Moors". In Partridge, Christopher (ed.). UFO Religions. London and New York: Routledge. pp.149–161. ISBN 978-0415263245.The sociologist of religion David V. Barrett noted that the Nation's theology is "very distinct" and "extremely detailed." [38] The Nation provides conflicting statements about its theology; although it professes commitment to the monotheistic idea of a single God, its discourse refers to multiple gods, [39] meaning that it can be interpreted as polytheistic. [25] These gods are described as being anthropomorphic, taking human form. [40] My name is W. D. Fard, and I come from the Holy City of Mecca. More about myself I will not tell you yet, for the time has not yet come. I am your brother. You have not yet seen me in my royal robes. The British social mobility promise is that hard work will be rewarded. This research suggests that promise is being broken for too many people in our society. The leading figure in rejecting Wallace Muhammad's reforms was Louis Farrakhan, who, with other disaffected members began to rebuild the Nation of Islam in 1977. [333] Born in the Bronx to Caribbean migrants, Farrakhan had been a nightclub singer prior to joining the original Nation in 1955. [334] In 1964 he had become minister of the NOI's Harlem Temple and in 1967 a national representative of Elijah Muhammad. [335] Under Wallace Muhammad's leadership, Farrakhan was relocated to Chicago, widely seen as a demotion. [336] The percentage of the population who reported No religion ranged from an estimated 29.0% in London to 47.3% in Wales in 2019.

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The methodology assumes that the proportions of the population groups within England and Wales living in households and communal establishments remain unchanged since the 2011 Census. Tinaz, Nuri (2000). "Global Impacts of an Ethno-religious Movement: The Case of Nation of Islam (NOI) in Britain". Journal of Economic and Social Research. 4 (2): 45–71. The method also assumes that the communal establishment population will have different characteristics to the household population, but these characteristics will have changed since the 2011 Census in a similar way to those of the household population. Assistant Professor, Arabic language and literature, Renison University College, University of WaterlooGardell, Matthias (1996). In the Name of Elijah Muhammad: Louis Farrakhan and The Nation of Islam. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822318453. Not stated” and “No religion” have been combined because of the mode effect on the Annual Population Survey for the religion question. Further information can be found in our glossary. During the 1960s, the NOI's places of worship were called both temples and mosques. [173] As well as serving a religious function, these can also be used as a community center, bank, school, and child-care facility. [174]