Abkhazia 255km (158mi) [2] South Ossetia 70km (43mi) [2] Poland 432km (268mi) Latvia 292km (181mi) Estonia 290km (180mi) Azerbaijan 284km (176mi) Lithuania 227km (141mi) Norway 196km (122mi) North Korea 18km (11mi)

|Raff, Jennifer (9 June 2020). Origin: A Genetic History of the Americas. Twelve. ISBN 978-1-5387-4971-5. Germany, located in Central Europe, is the continent’s most populous nation. Berlin, its capital, combines a rich history with a vibrant contemporary culture. Its landmarks, like the Brandenburg Gate, and the remnants of the Berlin Wall, symbolize its turbulent past. Siberia". Archived from the original on 24 August 2000 . Retrieved 4 June 2008. , The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition All in all we are in for an exciting although troubling time. We have added an interactive map of Europe for 2018. We now have a Europe Map for 2019. Old map of EU Countries and candidate countries Extending nearly halfway around the Northern Hemisphere and covering much of eastern and northeastern Europe and all of northern Asia, Russia has a maximum east-west extent of some 5,600 miles (9,000 km) and a north-south width of 1,500 to 2,500 miles (2,500 to 4,000 km). There is an enormous variety of landforms and landscapes, which occur mainly in a series of broad latitudinal belts. Arctic deserts lie in the extreme north, giving way southward to the tundra and then to the forest zones, which cover about half of the country and give it much of its character. South of the forest zone lie the wooded steppe and the steppe, beyond which are small sections of semidesert along the northern shore of the Caspian Sea. Much of Russia lies at latitudes where the winter cold is intense and where evaporation can barely keep pace with the accumulation of moisture, engendering abundant rivers, lakes, and swamps. Permafrost covers some 4 million square miles (10 million square km)—an area seven times larger than the drainage basin of the Volga River, Europe’s longest river—making settlement and road building difficult in vast areas. In the European areas of Russia, the permafrost occurs in the tundra and the forest-tundra zone. In western Siberia permafrost occurs along the Yenisey River, and it covers almost all areas east of the river, except for south Kamchatka province, Sakhalin Island, and Primorsky Kray (the Maritime Region). ReliefTravelling Europe is one of life’s pleasures and due to the above mentioned civilization age, it boasts one of the oldest tourism industries also. Being so long established Europe caters well for every type of traveller.

We have a new World Map 2023 and a new EU Map “ European Union Map 2023“. The 10 smallest countries of Europe article has had an update but nothing has really changed. Map Information about the continent Northeastern Siberia, north of the Stanovoy Range, is an extremely mountainous region. The long Kamchatka Peninsula, which juts southward into the Sea of Okhotsk, includes many volcanic peaks, some of which are still active. The highest is the 4,750-meter Klyuchevskaya Sopka, the highest point in the Russian Far East. The volcanic chain continues from the southern tip of Kamchatka southward through the Kuril Islands chain and into Japan. Kamchatka also is one of Russia's two centers of seismic activity (the other is the Caucasus). In 1995, a major earthquake largely destroyed the oil-processing town of Neftegorsk. Also located in this region is the very large Beyenchime-Salaatin crater.a b c d Meyerhof, A. A., 1980, "Geology and Petroleum Fields in Proterozoic and Lower Cambrian Strata, Lena-Tunguska Petroleum Province, Eastern Siberia, USSR", in Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade: 1968–1978, AAPG Memoir 30, Halbouty, M. T., editor, Tulsa: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, ISBN 0891813063 Other historic cities of Siberia include Tobolsk (the first capital and the only kremlin in Siberia), Tomsk (formerly a wealthy merchant's town) and Irkutsk (former seat of Eastern Siberia's governor general, near lake Baikal). The U.S.S.R. fought on the side of the United States in World War II. But soon after the war ended in 1945, relations between the two powers and their allies became strained, leading to what’s known as the Cold War. After decades of conflict, the Cold War ended in 1991 with the break up of the Soviet Union. Russian people and culture Glenn E. Curtis, ed. (1998). "Topography and Drainage". Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress . Retrieved 8 July 2021.

northern Indigenous people. Slavic-origin Russians outnumber all of the Indigenous peoples combined, except in the Republics of Tuva and Sakha.

Military and Security

Well it is that time of the year again. It is time to start thinking about what the Europe Map is going to look like in 2019. Last year in 2018 we speculated as to what the Europe Map would look like in 2018. We speculated about the UK leaving the EU or more importantly what that separation would look like. Well here we are in 2019 and we are still speculating. Badkar, Mamta (6 February 2014). "This Tiny Town In Russia Is The Most Miserable Place In The World". Business Insider . Retrieved 28 August 2021.

Lake Baikal—A Touchstone for Global Change and Rift Studies". United States Geological Survey . Retrieved 26 December 2007. The Multilingual Far East: An Interview with Professor György Kara". Robert F. Byrnes Russian and East European Institute . Retrieved 11 September 2023. The workforce involved in agriculture workforce was reported to be about 9.4% of the population in 2016. [25]Mixed and deciduous forests [ edit ] A birch forest in Novosibirsk. Birch is a national tree of Russia. Forty of Russia's rivers longer than 1,000 kilometers are east of the Ural Mountains, including the three major rivers that drain Siberia as they flow northward to the Arctic Ocean: the Irtysh- Ob system (totaling 5,380 kilometers), the Yenisey (5,075 kilometers), and the Lena (4,294 kilometers), they are among the world's longest rivers. [22] The basins of those river systems cover about eight million square kilometers, discharging nearly 50,000 cubic meters of water per second into the Arctic Ocean. The northward flow of these rivers means that source areas thaw before the areas downstream, creating vast swamps such as the 48,000-square-kilometer Vasyugan Swamp in the center of the West Siberian Plain. The same is true of other river systems, including the Pechora and the Northern Dvina in western Russia, and the Kolyma and the Indigirka in Siberia. Approximately 10 percent of Russian territory is classified as swampland. The origin of the name is uncertain. [10] The name's modern usage was recorded in the Russian language after the Russian conquest of Siberian Khanate. Statistics on the Development of Gas Fields in Western Siberia, Daily Questions on Energy and Economy