Kohl Eyeliner Pencil - Black

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Parry C, Eaton J (August 1991). "Kohl: a lead-hazardous eye makeup from the Third World to the First World". Environmental Health Perspectives (94): 121–123. Brand, Chad; Mitchell, Eric; Staff, Holman Reference Editorial (2015). Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary. B&H Publishing Group. p.351. ISBN 9780805499353 . Retrieved 22 June 2019. Wendi Miyake is a Los Angeles-based makeup artist and men’s groomer whose clients include Kim Kardashian, Kelly Rowland, and Madonna.

The content of kohl and the recipes to prepare it vary greatly. In North Africa and Middle East, homemade kohl is often made by grinding galena ( lead sulfide). Western manufacturers use amorphous carbon or organic charcoal instead of lead. Plant oils and the soot from various nuts, seeds, and gum resins are often added to the carbon powder. The non-lead products are considered to be of inferior quality to the older, traditional varieties and therefore there has been an increase in the use of handmade, lead-based kohl. Pencil: Typically creamier and easier to blend, pencil eyeliners work wonders when it comes to creating a smokey eye or blending out at the crease of the eye. You can also use pencils on your waterline to create more definition. From the pencil that'll create a subtle smudge to the best liquid for a striking cat eye, we've whittled down the very best eyeliners out there right now, so you can wing, shade and tightline to your heart's content. Of course, like many make-up bag staples, changing up your eyeliner or testing a totally new product doesn't come without its own set of concerns, so we’ve also broken down some of your most-asked questions on the topic, too… What are the different types of eyeliners?

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Denika Bedrossian is a celebrity makeup artist behind some of Hailey Bieber’s, Jenna Dewan’s, and Sarah Hyland’s most infamous looks. Isaac, Michael (2004). A Historical Atlas of Oman. Rosen. p.14. ISBN 978-0823945009 . Retrieved 5 September 2014.

Sergew Hable Selassie, Ancient and medieval Ethiopian history to 1270, (Printed by United Printers: 1972), p.26.Although the addition of lead to cosmetics may seem absurd due to its known toxicity, with some pitying the “devastation” kohl must have cause in ancient Egypt, these compounds were not harmful and did actually provide beneficial medicinal roles (Hallmann 2009, 71-2). A biomedical study, which made the news in 2010, ended controversy over the harmful effects of kohl. By analysing various samples found in Egyptian tombs and recreating ancient recipes, reported by Greco-Roman authors, scientists were able to test the effects of these led compounds on skin cells. Amazingly instead of causing lead poisoning, these lead compounds instead triggered an overproduction of nitrogen monoxide (NO o), which stimulates nonspecific immunological defences. This data suggests that the daily wearing of kohl made Egyptian eyes almost immediately resistant to bacterial infections due to the spontaneous response of immune cells. Although concerns about the toxicity of lead, overshadowed its benefits, this study proves that the lead compounds found in kohl did in fact serve a significant medicinal function. Tapsoba therefore argues that these compounds were deliberately manufactured and used in cosmetics to prevent and treat eye diseases (Tapsoba et al. 2010, 457-60). Galena and these other lead sulphides also provide protection from Egypt’s harsh sun by providing a shield from its glare and harmful UV rays (Pak 2009, 109). The addition of these various ingredients to kohl supports the magical protective beliefs of Egyptians and shows an understanding of ancient physicians of the many benefits this cosmetic possessed.