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In this study, A. vera gel provided the highest efficacy in preventing weight loss and protecting visual and sensory quality of fresh-cut cactus pear fruits. Weight loss is mainly a cause of respiration (loss of carbon reserves) and transpiration (loss of water), and A. vera gel was highly cited by numerous studies to acts as a barrier, thereby restricting water transfer and prevents weight loss (Achipiz et al. 2013; Kator et al. 2018; Kahramanoglu et al. 2019). Previous studies demonstrated successful results for A. vera gel coatings for both fresh and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables, i.e.: pineapples (Adetunji et al., 2012), tomato (Kator et al. 2018), ready-to-eat pomegranate arils (Martínez-Romero et al. 2013), fresh-cut papaya fruits (Kuwar et al. 2015), fresh-cut oranges (Radi et al. 2017), fresh-cut apples (Song et al. 2013) and fresh-cut kiwifruits (Benítez et al. 2015). It is noted by those researchers that A. vera gel application provides a barrier to the produce and lower the respiration rate. According to Author’s knowledge, there is not any published study about the use of A. vera gel for the fresh-cut cactus pears. The second highest effect on the prevention of weight loss at the ready-to-eat cactus pears was obtained from cactus gel. Previously, extracts from other parts of the cactus plants, mainly the cladodes, were tested on different fruits and found to be effective in preventing weight loss (Allegra et al. 2016; Gheribia et al. 2018). The third most successful treatment of present study was found to be covering the fruits with V. vinifera leaves. According to the Author’s knowledge, it is first time to test V. vinifera leaves as a postharvest treatment. Grape leaves have wide use in Mediterranean countries as cooked with rice. Due to the high use of V. vinifera leaves in diet, many studies conducted about the health effects, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant activities, and phenolic and volatile contents of leaves (Fernandes et al. 2013; Pintaća et al. 2019). Orhan et al. ( 2009) reported that V. vinifera leaves have antiviral and antioxidant activities which support their utilization in folk medicine. At the beginning of the experiments (3 DAS) jelly was one of the most effective materials for the prevention of weight loss, but its efficacy decreased in time and found to be the fourth effective material among the tested bio-materials. Gelatin (natural water soluble protein) based coatings were previously reported to be effective in preventing postharvest quality and weight loss (Mellinas et al. 2016; Ortiz-Zarama et al. 2016), but it was a first report for the jelly. The reduced effect of jelly in present study might be a cause of sugar in the jelly or the application method. Further studies by freezing the fresh-cut fruits in jelly would provide higher efficacy than the present methodology. Gol and Rao ( 2013) reported that 10% gelatin coating reduces the weight loss at mango fruits and improves the postharvest quality. The final bio-material of present study was P. oleraceae extracts. P. oleracea is an annual herbaceous plant, distributed in many parts of the world (Zhou et al. 2015) and has been used as a traditional medicine against gastrointestinal diseases, headaches, some kind of inflammation, ulcer, sexual desire, eruptions of blood, burning of the stomach, and etc. (Iranshahy et al. 2017). The un-expected low efficacy of the P. oleraceae extracts might be a cause of the negative effects of extracts on the decay and future studies are necessary with different preparation methods and/or combination with some other bio-materials.

Grigson, Jane (2007). Jane Grigson's Fruit Book. University of Nebraska Press. p.380. ISBN 978-0-8032-5993-5. Amodio ML, Cabezas S, Rinaldi R, Colelli G. Implementation of rating scales for visual quality evaluation of various vegetable crops. In: Kader AA, Cantwell M, editors. Produce quality rating scales and color charts postharvest horticulture series no. 23, September 2004, revised May 2007, Davis CA-USA.Lyrics | Gaucho (1980) — My Rival". www.steelydan.com. Archived from the original on 4 November 2006 . Retrieved 8 May 2010. Although in most cacti, the stem acts as the main organ for storing water, some cacti have in addition large taproots. [11] These may be several times the length of the above-ground body in the case of species such as Copiapoa atacamensis, [11] which grows in one of the driest places in the world, the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. [20] Metabolism Mendy T, Misran A, Mahmud T, Ismail S. Antifungal properties of Aloe vera through in vitro and in vivo screening against postharvest pathogens of papaya fruit. Sci Hortic. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108767. Additional to the prevention of weight loss, A. vera gel was also found to maintain fruit SSC. This is in agreement with the previous studies which reported that A. vera gel reduces the speed of the changes in soluble solids concentration at different fruits and vegetables, i.e. strawberry (Sogvar et al. 2016), tomato (Chrysargyris et al. 2016), fresh-cut papaya fruits (Kuwar et al. 2015) and fresh-cut oranges (Radi et al. 2017). Parven et al. ( 2020) reported that the coating of papaya fruits with A. vera gel provides favorable conditions for the prevention of fruit SSC. Supapvanich S, Mitrsang P, Srinorkham P, Boonyaritthongchai P, Wongs-Aree C. Effects of fresh Aloe vera gel coating on browning alleviation of fresh cut wax apple ( Syzygium samarangenese) fruit cv. Taaptimjaan. J Food Sci Technol. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-016-2262-4.

Zudaire L, Viñas I, Lafarga T, Plaza L, Echevarria G, Gloria BOBO, Altisent R, Aguiló-Aguayo I. Effect of calcium salts and antioxidant treatment on the storage quality of fresh-cut Conference pears. Int J Agric For Life Sci. 2019;3(2):331–44. Mellinas C, Valdés A, Ramos M, Burgos N, Del Carmen Garrigós M, Jiménez A. Active edible films: current state and future trends. J Appl Polym Sci. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.42631. a b c d Patterson, Ewen K. 1936. The World's First Insect Memorial. "The Review of the River Plate", December pp. 16–17The fifth treatment of the experiments was Portulaca oleraceae extracts. After collecting the plants, the above ground plant parts were chopped into small particles (< 2 cm) and ground in a blender. Herein, the mixture was filtered and resulting solution was dissolved in distilled water in a ratio of 1:1 (w/v). The liquid was then pasteurized at 70 °C for 45 m (Fig. 1i–l). Same procedure was used for the application and storage as in Aloe vera gel. Márquez-Berber SR, Torcuato-Calderón C, Almaguer-Vargas G, Colinas-León MT, Gardezi AK. Cactus pear ( Opuntia albicarpa and O. megacantha) production system in Axapusco, Estado de México Problems and alternatives. Rev Chap Ser Hortic. 2012. https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsh.2012.18.006. The stems of most cacti have adaptations to allow them to conduct photosynthesis in the absence of leaves. This is discussed further below under Metabolism.

In most cacti, the areoles produce new spines or flowers only for a few years and then become inactive. This results in a relatively fixed number of spines, with flowers being produced only from the ends of stems, which are still growing and forming new areoles. In Pereskia, a genus close to the ancestor of cacti, areoles remain active for much longer; this is also the case in Opuntia and Neoraimondia. [11] LeavesParven A, Sarker MR, Megharaj M, Meftaul IM. Prolonging the shelf life of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) using Aloe vera gel at ambient temperature. Sci Hortic. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109228.

del Socorro Santos Díaz, María; Barba de la Rosa, Ana-Paulina; Héliès-Toussaint, Cécile; Guéraud, Françoise; Nègre-Salvayre, Anne (2017). " Opuntia spp.: Characterization and Benefits in Chronic Diseases". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2017: 8634249. doi: 10.1155/2017/8634249. PMC 5401751. PMID 28491239.The 1,500 to 1,800 species of cacti mostly fall into one of two groups of "core cacti": opuntias (subfamily Opuntioideae) and "cactoids" (subfamily Cactoideae). Most members of these two groups are easily recognizable as cacti. They have fleshy succulent stems that are major organs of photosynthesis. They have absent, small, or transient leaves. They have flowers with ovaries that lie below the sepals and petals, often deeply sunken into a fleshy receptacle (the part of the stem from which the flower parts grow). All cacti have areoles—highly specialized short shoots with extremely short internodes that produce spines, normal shoots, and flowers. [10]