Miller's Anatomy of the Dog, 4e

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Sternohyoideus: originates on the sternum and inserts on the basihyoid bone. Its function is to move the tongue caudally. It is innervated by the ventral branches of the cervical spinal nerves. As with other parts of a dog's anatomy, the eyes and ears also differ greatly between breeds. Some dog ears are pointed, rounded, erect, fallen, droopy, etc. Eyes also have different shapes such as rounded, oval or triangular. The position on the face differs between individuals as some may be more centrally placed, others deep set and some may even protrude i a bulging manner. You will find the visceral and parietal branches of the thoracic aorta in a dog. The visceral branches of the thoracic aorta include the bronchial and esophageal arteries. Again, the parietal branch of the thoracic aorta includes the dorsal intercostal, dorsal cost abdominal, and first two lumbar arteries. The abdominal aorta of the dog Lung, heart, and liver – the lung, heart, and liver are one of the vital organs in a dog’s internal anatomy. You will find four lobes in the right lung and two in the left lung of a dog. The dog heart is placed obliquely at the level between the third rib and to sixth intercostal space. Again, you will find five lobes in the dog’s liver – left lateral, left center, right lateral, right central, and caudate. The lung is the main organ of the dog’s respiratory system that serves a passive function in the mechanical act of respiration. Before studying the lung anatomy, you might have a good knowledge of some terms like – mediastinum, pleura, and diaphragm.

On the left aspect, the left common carotid artery, vagosympathetic nerve trunk, internal jugular vein, and tracheal duct run at the angle between the esophagus and longus colli muscle. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. You will find four lobes in the right lung and two in the left lung of a dog. The lobes are very prominent, and fissures are deep in the dog’s lungs. Peroneus longus: originates on both the tibia and fibula and inserts on the 4th tarsal bone and the plantar aspect of the metatarsals. It acts to flex the tarsus and rotate the paw medially. It is innervated by the peroneal nerve.The external carotid artery of the dog – includes occipital, cranial laryngeal, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, caudal auricular, parotid, superficial temporal, and maxillary arteries. If you want to learn more anatomical features of the dog tongue, then the below-mentioned article might help you a great – Pronator quadratus: originates on surfaces of the radius and ulna. It acts to pronate the paw. It is innervated by the median nerve. The external iliac artery is the largest parietal branch of the abdominal aorta. These arteries arise from the lateral surface of the aorta ventral to the intervertebral disc between the sixth and seventh lumbar vertebrae. The mandibular duct of a dog leaves the medial surface of the mandibular gland near the ventromedial portion. It closely relates to the major sublingual duct and opens with it.

There are four portions and three flexures present in the duodenum of a dog. The portions of the duodenum of a dog include – You will see a deep femoral artery that arises from the caudomedial surface of the external iliac artery. The pudendoepigastric trunk is short and extends to the deep abdominal inguinal ring. Again, the paired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta include adrenal, renal, and ovarian arteries. The caudal phrenic, cranial abdominal, lumbar, deep circumflex iliac, external iliac,

A dog’s tongue is a high mobile organ of its digestive system. The dog tongue is properly located in the oral cavity and possesses some special features from the other animals. You will find the dorsal median groove in the dog’s tongue. Different ligaments fix the dog’s urinary bladder with the pelvic cavity. You will see the following important ligaments in the dog’s urinary bladder – The anatomy of this organ of the dog differs from the ruminant. Ruminants possess a compound stomach, whereas dogs possess a simple stomach (glandular and non-glandular parts).