Glasgow C, Wilton J, Tooth L: Optimal daily total end range time for contracture: resolution in hand splinting. J Hand Ther. 2003, 16: 207-218. 10.1016/S0894-1130(03)00036-X.

All the blanks with the recorded angles of the joints were scanned. The scanned diagrams were magnified, and their angles were measured to the nearest degree by the same researcher with ImageJ program. Each diagram was measured at least twice without reference to the previous results. If the results of the two computerized measurements were different, the diagram was remeasured again. If 2 identical measurements were not obtained, mean of the measurements was found and rounded off to the nearest degree. To assess intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the latter procedure, two invited medical students remeasured 48 randomly chosen scanned diagrams. Computerized evaluation instead of a simple use of a traditional protractor was chosen to equalize varying sizes of the hand drawn diagrams and to avoid errors of hand-done measurements. Independence of observations To find whether the try-angle guides significantly changed the observed angles of the PIP joint, multiple Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with Bonferroni correction were performed for each rater-instrument-position-subposition data set in respect to the baseline joint angles obtained by using the smallest standard angles. Then the standard differences between the angles of the appropriate try-angles (i.e., between the standard angles) were calculated in respect of the smallest standard angles. Next, the lowest significant standard differences were found between the smallest standard angles and the angles of the try-angles, application of which produced significant changes in the observed PIP joint angles (Additional file 6). The lowest significant standard differences were compared with each other and with the corresponding values of the MDC derived from the SEMs of the study parts A. Analysis of reliability of the diagram evaluation Kottner J, Audigé L, Brorson S, Donner A, Gajewski BJ, Hróbjartsson A, Roberts C, Shoukri M, Streiner DL: Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies (GRRAS) were proposed. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011, 64: 96-106. 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.03.002.Bruton A, Conway JH, Holgate ST: Reliability: What is it and how is it measured?. Physiotherapy. 2000, 86: 94-99. 10.1016/S0031-9406(05)61211-4. Record measurements correctly (both active and passive range of motion should be measured and recorded respectively). [1]

Chiu HY, Su FC, Wang ST, Hsu HY: The motion analysis system and goniometry of the finger joints. J Hand Surg Br. 1998, 23: 788-791. 10.1016/S0266-7681(98)80098-3. The study was approved by Vilnius regional ethics committee for biomedical research. Written informed consents of the participants were obtained before the study. Participants and study design

Wireless / Wired

Lewis E, Fors L, Tharion WJ: Interrater and intrarater reliability of finger goniometric measurements. Am J Occup Ther. 2010, 64: 555-561. 10.5014/ajot.2010.09028. With varying size options, the EZ Read Jamar Goniometer is excellent for measuring patients of all sizes. The transparent plastic with clear marking is easy to read and encourages accurate measurements. Goniometers of different sizes are needed for measuring a variety of body parts. Use to measure fingers, wrists, elbows, knees, and ankles. EZ Read Jamar Goniometers are available in sizes that range from 6” to 12.5.” This range matches the needs of all healthcare professionals in clinical environments. Jamar Glasgow C, James M, O‘Sullivan J, Tooth LR: Measurement of joint stiffness in the hand: a preliminary investigation of the reliability and validity of torque angle curves. Br J Hand Ther. 2004, 9: 11-12. Wireless Twin-Axis Electronic Goniometers provide the freedom of unrestricted movement, a key feature when studying natural, dynamic joint movements in real-world environments. Our wireless DataLITE technology eliminates the need for cumbersome cables, providing a hassle-free, unobtrusive experience for the user. The wireless transmission is robust and can transmit data up to a range of 30 meters, ensuring you have the flexibility and freedom to move without the concern of data loss.