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The typewriter came to the Czech-speaking area in the late 19th century, when it was part of Austria-Hungary where German was the dominant language of administration. Therefore, Czech typewriters have the QWERTZ layout.

The B00 key (left of Z), shifted, results in vertical bar | on some systems (e.g. Windows UK/Ireland keyboard layout and Linux/ X11 UK/Ireland keyboard layout), rather than the broken bar ¦ assigned by BS 4822 and provided in some systems (e.g. IBM OS/2 UK166 keyboard layout) The letters ASDFGHJKL are used to represent intense emotion, such as frustration or excitement. Here is more information about ASDFGHJKL, with examples of use. The first model constructed by Sholes used a piano-like keyboard with two rows of characters arranged alphabetically as shown below: [1] - 3 5 7 9 N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Multilingual keyboard layouts, unlike the default layouts supplied for one language and market, try to make it possible for the user to type in any of several languages using the same number of keys. Mostly this is done by adding a further virtual layer in addition to the ⇧ Shift-key by means of AltGr (or 'right Alt' reused as such), which contains a further repertoire of symbols and diacritics used by the desired languages. In this layout, the grave accent key ( `¦) becomes, as it also does in the US International layout, a dead key modifying the character generated by the next key pressed. The apostrophe, double-quote, tilde and circumflex ( caret) keys are not changed, becoming dead keys only when 'shifted' with AltGr. Additional precomposed characters are also obtained by shifting the 'normal' key using the AltGr key. The extended keyboard is software installed from the Windows control panel, and the extended characters are not normally engraved on keyboards.On most keyboards, € is marked as Alt Gr + E and not Alt Gr + 5 as shown in the image. However, in some keyboards, € is found marked twice. An alternative version exists, supporting all of ISO 8859-1. [25] One popular but possibly apocryphal [2] :162 explanation for the QWERTY arrangement is that it was designed to reduce the likelihood of internal clashing of typebars by placing commonly used combinations of letters farther from each other inside the machine. [5] Differences from modern layout Substituting characters Christopher Latham Sholes's 1878 QWERTY keyboard layout Two keyboard layout that are based on Qwerty are used in Arabic-speaking countries. Microsoft designate them as Arabic (101) and Arabic (102). The US keyboard layout has a second Alt instead of the AltGr key and does not use any dead keys; this makes it inefficient for all but a handful of languages. On the other hand, the US keyboard layout (or the similar UK layout) is occasionally used by programmers in countries where the keys for [ { are located in less convenient positions on the locally customary layout. [19] These combinations are intended to be mnemonic and designed to be easy to remember: the circumflex accent (e.g. â) is similar to the free-standing circumflex (caret) (

This article or section may need to be cleaned up or summarized because it has been split from/to List of QWERTY keyboard language variants. In Linux-based systems, the euro symbol is typically mapped to Alt+ 5 instead of Alt+ U, the tilde acts as a normal key, and several accented letters from other European languages are accessible through combinations with left Alt. Polish letters are also accessible by using the Compose key.Software keyboards on touchscreen devices usually make the Polish diacritics available as one of the alternatives which show up after long-pressing the corresponding Latin letter. [34] [35] However, modern predictive text and autocorrection algorithms largely mitigate the need to type them directly on such devices. The QWERTY layout became popular with the success of the Remington No. 2 of 1878, the first typewriter to include both upper and lower case letters, using a ⇧ Shift key. In November 1868 he changed the arrangement of the latter half of the alphabet, N to Z, right-to-left. [3] :12–20 In April 1870 he arrived at a four-row, upper case keyboard approaching the modern QWERTY standard, moving six vowel letters, A, E, I, O, U, and Y, to the upper row as follows: [3] :24–25 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 - In touch-typing, the second row of the "QWERTY" keyboard is known as the "home row," as that is where the four fingers of each hand return to as a base. The fingers of the left hand rest on the letters A, S, D, and F, while those of the right hand rest on H, J, K, and L. For other French keyboard layouts, see AZERTY. A simplified Canadian French keyboard layout. A fully standard keyboard has significantly more symbols. [27]

Windows Vista and newer versions include the correct diacritical signs in the default Romanian Keyboard layout. The AltGr and letter method used for acutes and cedillas does not work for applications which assign shortcut menu functions to these key combinations. In both the number line is identical to the American layout, beside ( ) being mirrored, and not including the key to the left of 1.The "primary" layout is intended for traditional users who have learned how to type with older, Microsoft-style implementations of the Romanian keyboard. The "secondary" layout is mainly used by programmers as it does not contradict the physical arrangement of keys on a US-style keyboard. The "secondary" arrangement is used as the default Romanian layout by Linux distributions, as defined in the "X Keyboard Configuration Database". [39] acute accents (e.g. á) needed for Irish are generated by pressing the AltGr key together with the letter (or AltGr+ '– acting as a dead key combination– followed by the letter). Thus AltGr+ a produces á; AltGr+ ⇧ Shift+ a produces Á. (Some programs use the combination of AltGr and a letter for other functions, in which case the AltGr+ ' method must be used to generate acute accents). Since Romanian hardware keyboards are not widely available, Cristian Secară has created a driver that allows Romanian characters to be generated with a US-style keyboard in all versions of Windows prior to Vista through the use of the AltGr key modifier. [42] Finally , instead of being the normal output of their keys, are produced by shifting the same keys.