Vincenzo Balzani, Giacomo Bergamini, Paola Ceroni, Light: A Very Peculiar Reactant and Product. In: Angewandte Chemie International Edition 54, Issue 39, (2015), 11320–11337, doi: 10.1002/anie.201502325.

The efficiency of the lamp increases with a larger filament diameter. Thin-filament, low-power bulbs benefit less from a fill gas, so are often only evacuated. Briant and, C.L.; Bewlay, Bernard P. (1995). "The Coolidge Process for Making Tungsten Ductile: The Foundation of Incandescent Lighting". MRS Bulletin. 20 (8): 67–73. doi: 10.1557/S0883769400045164. S2CID 138257279. You can also feel tired and irritated at the end of the day since LEDs emit short wavelengths that are harmful in the long run. Blue light Since they use halogen gas to hold their filament, these bulbs are also non-toxic. Just like with incandescent light bulbs, if you’re unable to find a recycling program to take your old halogen bulbs, it’s safe to throw them away in the trash . Just remember to put them in something padded in case the glass breaks. 3. Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs)a b Swan, K R (1946). Sir Joseph Swan and the Invention of the Incandescent Electric Lamp. Longmans, Green and Co. pp.21–25.

In 1802, Humphry Davy used what he described as "a battery of immense size", [9] consisting of 2,000 cells housed in the basement of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, [10] to create an incandescent light by passing the current through a thin strip of platinum, chosen because the metal had an extremely high melting point. It was not bright enough nor did it last long enough to be practical, but it was the precedent behind the efforts of scores of experimenters over the next 75 years. [11] The chart below lists the luminous efficacy and efficiency for several types of incandescent bulb. A longer chart in luminous efficacy compares a broader array of light sources. While the light bulb invention may be considered one of the most valuable creations in our history, its design timeline didn’t end in 1911. There was still an incredible amount of room for improvement and adaptation. In fact, new innovative types of light bulbs continue to emerge to this day. Here’s a look at the most popular light bulb types and how we use them. 1. Incandescent Bulbs

Electrical filaments are also used in hot cathodes of fluorescent lamps and vacuum tubes as a source of electrons or in vacuum tubes to heat an electron-emitting electrode. When used as a source of electrons, they may have a special coating that increases electron production. a b "The machine that lit up the world". Behind the Glass. 27 January 2017. Archived from the original on 1 January 2018 . Retrieved 14 May 2018. The glass bulb of a general service lamp can reach temperatures between 200 and 260°C (392 and 500°F). Lamps intended for high power operation or used for heating purposes will have envelopes made of hard glass or fused quartz. [70] Both men continued to improve their inventions. Edison received two U.S. patents for his now commercially viable light bulbs and established the Edison Electric Company . Swan’s light bulbs developed adequately as well, and the following year, in 1881, The Swan Electric Light Company was established. The filament in a tungsten light bulb is not easy to break when the bulb is cold, but filaments are more vulnerable when they are hot because the incandescent metal is less rigid. An impact on the outside of the bulb may cause the filament to break or experience a surge in electric current that causes part of it to melt or vaporize.