McLaughlin, B. P. (2010). The representational vs. the relational view of visual experience. Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement, 67, 239–262. A big project is the kind of thing that is not suited for fast thinking,” he says. “The fact that it is big means that it has big consequences… you actually need to think slow to be successful.”

to guide (oneself) in a particular direction: [~ +object +to +object ]She bent her energies to the task. She bent herself to finishing her homework. [be bent on ] was bent on finishing the job. Bendable or flexible materials are materials that can be bent out of shape or compressed without breaking, and can easily be returned to their original shape. Most materials have some degree of flexibility, under certain circumstances. While we don't normally think of metal or plastic as particularly flexible, you can make a flexible shape, like a slinky, out of both of these materials. Flexibility isn't so much about the material itself as the shape it's been formed into and what you need it to do: the massive steel girders used to build skyscrapers have to be flexible, or they'd break during earthquakes or extremely high winds! Künnapas, T. M. (1955). An analysis of the ‘vertical-horizontal illusion’. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 49, 134–140. Li, Z., & Durgin, F. H. (2017). A large-scale horizontal-vertical illusion produced with small objects separated in depth. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 43, 1473–1479.

Activity 2: Questions on how materials change

Macpherson, F., & Batty, C. (2016). Redefining illusion and hallucination in light of new cases. Philosophical Issues, 26, 263–296. Important, timely, instructive and entertaining’ – Daniel Kahneman, bestselling author of Thinking, Fast and Slow But such successes are the exception. Consider how London's Crossrail project delivered five years late and billions over budget. More modest endeavours, whether launching a small business, organizing a conference, or just finishing a work project on time, also commonly fail. Why? Entertaining . . . compelling . . . there are lessons here for managers of all stripes' – The Economist

The lesson for project professionals? By searching for ways in which to introduce modularity into your project, you will inevitably increase your chance of success.Rubber: Rubber's an extremely elastic material, making it a very flexible and highly adaptable resource that's used in a lot of different ways. Martin, M. G. F. (2010). What’s in a look? In B. Nanay (Ed.), Perceiving the world (pp. 160–225). New York: Oxford University Press.

Yes, there are! There are two main types of flexibility encountered in everyday life: elasticity and plasticity. These two forms of flexibility may seem quite similar from the outside, but once you understand how they actually work, they actually become something quite different and distinct from each others. When we boil it down to the simplest form, you can separate the ways that materials bend into two distinct categories and forms of change: For anybody who's doing a project, first sit down and ask yourself: why are you doing the project? You need to have a very good answer to that question before you start so that you actually know precisely what the reasons are. Then, after you know that, you can start,” he says.

Understanding what distinguishes the triumphs from the failures has been the life's work of Oxford professor Bent Flyvbjerg. In How Big Things Get Done, he identifies the errors that lead projects to fail, and the research-based principles that will make yours succeed. to force (an object, esp. a long or thin one) from a straight form into a curved or angular one, or from a curved or angular form into some different form: to bend an iron rod into a hoop. Künnapas, T. M. (1957a). The vertical-horizontal illusion and the visual field. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 53, 405–407. Hamburger, K., & Hansen, T. (2010). Analysis of individual variations in the classical horizontal-vertical illusion. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 72, 1045–1052.