Grammar is the system of a language. People sometimes describe grammar as the "rules" of a language; but in fact no language has rules*. If we use the word "rules", we suggest that somebody created the rules first and then spoke the language, like a new game. But languages did not start like that. Languages started by people making sounds which evolved into words, phrases and sentences. No commonly-spoken language is fixed. All languages change over time. What we call "grammar" is simply a reflection of a language at a particular time. Nouns are words that are used to name people, things, animals, places, ideas, or events. A pronoun can be used instead of a noun. Some examples of pronouns are: I, it, he, she, mine, his, hers, we, they, theirs, our, someone, anyone, and everyone. Standard Chinese has official status as the standard spoken form of the Chinese language in the People's Republic of China (PRC), the Republic of China (ROC), and the Republic of Singapore. Pronunciation of Standard Chinese is based on the local accent of Mandarin Chinese from Luanping, Chengde in Hebei Province near Beijing, while grammar and syntax are based on modern vernacular written Chinese.

grammar (noun): the structure and system of a language, or of languages in general, usually considered to consist of syntax and morphologyA standard language is a dialect that is promoted above other dialects in writing, education, and, broadly speaking, in the public sphere; it contrasts with vernacular dialects, which may be the objects of study in academic, descriptive linguistics but which are rarely taught prescriptively. The standardized " first language" taught in primary education may be subject to political controversy because it may sometimes establish a standard defining nationality or ethnicity. Fluent speakers of a language variety or lect have internalised these rules. [1] the vast majority of which – at least in the case of one's native language(s) – are acquired not by intentional study or instruction but by hearing other speakers. Much of this internalisation occurs during early childhood; learning a language later in life usually involves more direct instruction. [2]

Constructed languages (also called planned languages or conlangs) are more common in the modern-day, although still extremely uncommon compared to natural languages. Many have been designed to aid human communication (for example, naturalistic Interlingua, schematic Esperanto, and the highly logical Lojban). Each of these languages has its own grammar. Traditionally, the mental information used to produce and process languages is referred to as "rules". However, other sources use different terms, with certain effects. Optimality theory, for example, is defined by such "rules", while construction grammar, cognitive grammar, and other theories based on usage refer to patterns, constructions, and representations of models Casson, Lionel (2001). Libraries in the Ancient World. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. p.45. ISBN 978-0-300-09721-4. Archived from the original on 24 August 2021 . Retrieved 11 November 2020. Prescriptive grammar is taught in primary and secondary school. The term "grammar school" historically referred to a school (attached to a cathedral or monastery) that teaches Latin grammar to future priests and monks. It originally referred to a school that taught students how to read, scan, interpret, and declaim Greek and Latin poets (including Homer, Virgil, Euripides, and others). These should not be mistaken for the related, albeit distinct, modern British grammar schools.

Find Everything

Graham, S., & Perin, D. (2007). Writing next: Effective strategies to improve writing of adolescents in middle and high schools – A report to Carnegie Corporation of New York.Washington, DC:Alliance for Excellent Education. To be able to identify whether it is an adjective or an adverb, you need to work out the word that is being modified. The formal study of grammar is an important part of children's schooling from a young age through advanced learning, though the rules taught in schools are not a "grammar" in the sense that most linguists use, particularly as they are prescriptive in intent rather than descriptive. A verb is a word that shows an action (physical or mental) or state of being. Without a verb, it would be difficult to create a sentence. Verbs can also show when things happened. Gussenhoven, Carlos; Jacobs, Haike (2005). Understanding Phonology (2nded.). London: Hodder Arnold. ISBN 978-0-340-80735-4. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021 . Retrieved 11 November 2020.

Words create sentences and different words do different jobs in a sentence. Some of the main parts of speech include: noun, pronoun, verb, adverb and adjective. Noun and pronoun Butler, Christopher S. (2003). Structure and Function: A Guide to Three Major Structural-Functional Theories, part 1 (PDF). John Benjamins. pp.121–124. ISBN 978-1-58811-358-0. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 January 2020 . Retrieved 19 January 2020. The Serbian variant of Serbo-Croatian is likewise divided; Serbia and the Republika Srpska of Bosnia and Herzegovina use their own distinct normative subvarieties, with differences in yat reflexes. The existence and codification of a distinct Montenegrin standard is a matter of controversy, some treat Montenegrin as a separate standard lect, and some think that it should be considered another form of Serbian.Modern Standard Arabic is directly based on Classical Arabic, the language of the Qur'an. The Hindustani language has two standards, Hindi and Urdu. Grammar appeared as a discipline in Hellenism from the 3rd century BC forward with authors such as Rhyanus and Aristarchus of Samothrace. The oldest known grammar handbook is the Art of Grammar ( Τέχνη Γραμματική), a succinct guide to speaking and writing clearly and effectively, written by the ancient Greek scholar Dionysius Thrax ( c. 170– c. 90 BC), a student of Aristarchus of Samothrace who founded a school on the Greek island of Rhodes. Dionysius Thrax's grammar book remained the primary grammar textbook for Greek schoolboys until as late as the twelfth century AD. The Romans based their grammatical writings on it and its basic format remains the basis for grammar guides in many languages even today. [10] Latin grammar developed by following Greek models from the 1st century BC, due to the work of authors such as Orbilius Pupillus, Remmius Palaemon, Marcus Valerius Probus, Verrius Flaccus, and Aemilius Asper. Other frameworks are based on an innate " universal grammar", an idea developed by Noam Chomsky. In such models, the object is placed into the verb phrase. The most prominent biologically-oriented theories are: