Gallium Metal 50 Grams, 99.99% Pure Melting Gallium - 50g Vial

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Gallium is almost exclusively extracted as a byproduct of zinc, aluminium and other metal mining. It can be separated from other metals by smelting or electrolysis using a solution of gallium(III) hydroxide in potassium hydroxide. The biggest producers of gallium are China, Germany, Kazakhstan and Ukraine. Annual production is estimated at about 200 metric tons per year. Market Trading

Preston–Thomas, H. (1990). "The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90)" (PDF). Metrologia. 27 (1): 3–10. Bibcode: 1990Metro..27....3P. doi: 10.1088/0026-1394/27/1/002. S2CID 250785635. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2007-06-18. Alberts, V.; Titus J.; Birkmire R. W. (2003). "Material and device properties of single-phase Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S) 2 alloys prepared by selenization/sulfurization of metallic alloys". Thin Solid Films. 451–452: 207–211. Bibcode: 2004TSF...451..207A. doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2003.10.092. Originally, de Boisbaudran determined the density of gallium as 4.7g/cm 3, the only property that failed to match Mendeleev's predictions; Mendeleev then wrote to him and suggested that he should remeasure the density, and de Boisbaudran then obtained the correct value of 5.9g/cm 3, that Mendeleev had predicted exactly. [44]Semiconductor applications dominate the commercial demand for gallium, accounting for 98% of the total. The next major application is for gadolinium gallium garnets. [67] Semiconductors [ edit ] Gallium-based blue LEDs Parravicini, G. B.; Stella, A.; Ghigna, P.; Spinolo, G.; Migliori, A.; d'Acapito, F.; Kofman, R. (2006). "Extreme undercooling (down to 90K) of liquid metal nanoparticles". Applied Physics Letters. 89 (3): 033123. Bibcode: 2006ApPhL..89c3123P. doi: 10.1063/1.2221395.

Elemental gallium is not found in nature, but it is easily obtained by smelting. Very pure gallium is a silvery blue metal that fractures conchoidally like glass. Gallium liquid expands by 3.10% when it solidifies; therefore, it should not be stored in glass or metal containers because the container may rupture when the gallium changes state. Gallium shares the higher-density liquid state with a short list of other materials that includes water, silicon, germanium, bismuth, and plutonium. [10] Liquid gallium at 86°F (30°C) Madelung, Otfried (2004). Semiconductors: data handbook (3rded.). Birkhäuser. pp.276–277. ISBN 978-3-540-40488-0.During the last few years, specifically 2019 and 2020, a combination of the effects of Covid-19 and delays in mining operations and inspections led to a shortage of bauxite in China. This shortage led to a spike in the price of gallium. The Price of Gallium a b c d Eagleson, Mary, ed. (1994). Concise encyclopedia chemistry. Walter de Gruyter. p. 438. ISBN 978-3-11-011451-5. Gallium is found primarily in the +3 oxidation state. The +1 oxidation state is also found in some compounds, although it is less common than it is for gallium's heavier congeners indium and thallium. For example, the very stable GaCl 2 contains both gallium(I) and gallium(III) and can be formulated as Ga IGa IIICl 4; in contrast, the monochloride is unstable above 0°C, disproportionating into elemental gallium and gallium(III) chloride. Compounds containing Ga–Ga bonds are true gallium(II) compounds, such as GaS (which can be formulated as Ga 2 4+(S 2−) 2) and the dioxan complex Ga 2Cl 4(C 4H 8O 2) 2. [28] Aqueous chemistry [ edit ]