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The torpedo-like blue shark has sometimes been spotted 10-20 miles off the southern coast of Cornwall during the summer months; Nogrady, Bianca (May 11, 2023). "Hammerhead sharks are first fish found to 'hold their breath' ". Nature. 617 (7962): 663. Bibcode: 2023Natur.617..663N. doi: 10.1038/d41586-023-01569-x. PMID 37169849. S2CID 258639015– via www.nature.com. In the United States, and as of January 16, 2019, 12 states including ( Massachusetts, Maryland, Delaware, California, Illinois, Hawaii, Oregon, Nevada, Rhode Island, Washington, New York and Texas) along with 3 U.S. territories ( American Samoa, Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands) have passed laws against the sale or possession of shark fins. [182] [183] Until recently, only a few benthic species of shark, such as hornsharks, leopard sharks and catsharks, had survived in aquarium conditions for a year or more. This gave rise to the belief that sharks, as well as being difficult to capture and transport, were difficult to care for. More knowledge has led to more species (including the large pelagic sharks) living far longer in captivity, along with safer transportation techniques that have enabled long-distance transportation. [108] The great white shark had never been successfully held in captivity for long periods of time until September 2004, when the Monterey Bay Aquarium successfully kept a young female for 198 days before releasing her. Shark". Middle English Dictionary. University of Michigan. Archived from the original on 2013-08-20 . Retrieved 2014-02-02.

Further information: List of threatened sharks and Shark sanctuary The annual shark catch has increased rapidly over the last 60 years. The value of shark fins for shark fin soup has led to an increase in shark catches where usually only the fins are taken, while the rest of the shark is discarded, typically into the sea; health concerns about BMAA in the fins now exists regarding consumption of the soup A 4.3-metre (14ft), 540-kilogram (1,200lb) tiger shark caught in Kāne'ohe Bay, Oahu in 1966 FisheryAdams, Kye R; Fetterplace, Lachlan C; Davis, Andrew R; Taylor, Matthew D; Knott, Nathan A (2018). "Sharks, rays and abortion: The prevalence of capture-induced parturition in elasmobranchs". Biological Conservation. 217: 11–27. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2017.10.010. S2CID 90834034. Archived from the original on 2019-02-23 . Retrieved 2018-11-24. Jøn, A. Asbjørn; Aich, Raj S. (2015). "Southern shark lore forty years after Jaws: The positioning of sharks within Murihiku, New Zealand". Australian Folklore: A Yearly Journal of Folklore Studies (30).

Alternative approaches to prostate cancer treatment". Archived from the original on June 2, 2008 . Retrieved 2008-06-23. Pennisi, Elizabeth (11 August 2016). "Greenland shark may live 400 years, smashing longevity record". Science. doi: 10.1126/science.aag0748. Archived from the original on 12 August 2016 . Retrieved 11 August 2016. Sharks and Rays - Species we work with at TRAFFIC". www.traffic.org. Archived from the original on 2019-01-10 . Retrieved 2019-01-10.

There are about 360 different species of sharks, which are divided into 30 families. These different families of sharks are very different in the way they look, live and eat. Sharks have different shapes, sizes, colors, fins, teeth, habitats, diets, personality, method of reproduction and other attributes. Pough, F. H.; Janis, C. M.; Heiser, J. B. (2005). Vertebrate Life (7thed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education Ltd. ISBN 978-0-13-127836-3. OCLC 54822028. Tooth shape depends on the shark's diet: those that feed on mollusks and crustaceans have dense and flattened teeth used for crushing, those that feed on fish have needle-like teeth for gripping, and those that feed on larger prey such as mammals have pointed lower teeth for gripping and triangular upper teeth with serrated edges for cutting. The teeth of plankton-feeders such as the basking shark are small and non-functional. [27] Skeleton Many of them never fully recover and the psychological scars can be even greater than the physical ones,” he says. “I started getting dreams and would wake up screaming at night. I ended up seeing a psychiatrist to help me get over this.” Although it is hard to test the hearing of sharks, they may have a sharp sense of hearing and can possibly hear prey from many miles away. [61] The hearing sensitivity for most shark species lies between 20 and 1000Hz. [62]

Shark lifespans vary by species. Most live 20 to 30 years. The spiny dogfish has one of the longest lifespans at more than 100 years. [67] Whale sharks ( Rhincodon typus) may also live over 100 years. [68] Earlier estimates suggested the Greenland shark ( Somniosus microcephalus) could reach about 200 years, but a recent study found that a 5.02-metre-long (16.5ft) specimen was 392 ± 120 years old (i.e., at least 272 years old), making it the longest-lived vertebrate known. [69] [70] Reproduction a b c Leonard J. V. Compagno (1984). Sharks of the World: An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 978-92-5-104543-5. OCLC 156157504.Shark finning yields are estimated at 1.44million metric tons (1.59million short tons) for 2000, and 1.41million metric tons (1.55million short tons) for 2010. Based on an analysis of average shark weights, this translates into a total annual mortality estimate of about 100 million sharks in 2000, and about 97 million sharks in 2010, with a total range of possible values between 63 and 273 million sharks per year. [127] [128] Sharks are a common seafood in many places, including Japan and Australia. In southern Australia, shark is commonly used in fish and chips, [129] in which fillets are battered and deep-fried or crumbed and grilled. In fish and chip shops, shark is called flake. In India, small sharks or baby sharks (called sora in Tamil language, Telugu language) are sold in local markets. Since the flesh is not developed, cooking the flesh breaks it into powder, which is then fried in oil and spices (called sora puttu/sora poratu). The soft bones can be easily chewed. They are considered a delicacy in coastal Tamil Nadu. Icelanders ferment Greenland sharks to produce a delicacy called hákarl. [130] During a four-year period from 1996 to 2000, an estimated 26 to 73 million sharks were killed and traded annually in commercial markets. [131] According to a 2021 study in Nature, [191] overfishing has resulted in a 71% global decline in the number of oceanic sharks and rays over the preceding 50 years. The oceanic whitetip, and both the scalloped hammerhead and great hammerheads are now classified as critically endangered. [192] Sharks in tropical waters have declined more rapidly than those in temperate zones during the period studied. [193] A 2021 study published in Current Biology found that overfishing is currently driving over one-third of sharks and rays to extinction. [194] See also In Scotland, you can speak in confidence to the national Trading Standards Scotland team to report an illegal money lender on 0800 074 0878, or report it online to them at www.tsscot.co.uk. How Should We Respond When Humans and Sharks Collide?". News.nationalgeographic.com. 2013-07-04. Archived from the original on 2013-09-06 . Retrieved 2013-09-07. Kamohoali'i is the best known and revered of the shark gods, he was the older and favored brother of Pele, [111] and helped and journeyed with her to Hawaii. He was able to assume all human and fish forms. A summit cliff on the crater of Kilauea is one of his most sacred spots. At one point he had a heiau (temple or shrine) dedicated to him on every piece of land that jutted into the ocean on the island of Molokai. Kamohoali'i was an ancestral god, not a human who became a shark and banned the eating of humans after eating one herself. [112] [113] In Fijian mythology, Dakuwaqa was a shark god who was the eater of lost souls.

Pristiophoriformes: These are the sawsharks, with an elongated, toothed snout that they use for slashing their prey. A small opening on each side of their heads (not the spiracle) leads directly into the inner ear through a thin channel. The lateral line shows a similar arrangement, and is open to the environment via a series of openings called lateral line pores. This is a reminder of the common origin of these two vibration- and sound-detecting organs that are grouped together as the acoustico-lateralis system. In bony fish and tetrapods the external opening into the inner ear has been lost.Some tail adaptations have purposes other than providing thrust. The Cookiecutter Shark has a tail with broad lower and upper lobes of similar shape which are luminescent and may help to lure prey towards the shark. The Thresher shark feeds on fish and squid, which it is believed to herd, then stun with its powerful and elongated upper lobe. Shark Conservation It is crucial to know that you do not know everything, and there is always room to learn and grow. Take the time to listen and interact with your team members, employees, advisors, and yes- even your competitors. Learn from them, both their mistakes and their successes to give both yourself as well as your business a competitive edge.