It’s a solid white stuff that’s very alkaline and used in small amounts to adjust the pH of the product and make it just right. One more thing: the water used in cosmetics is purified and deionized (it means that almost all of the mineral ions inside it is removed). As for the ingredients, Hexinol™, Healthy White Complex™, retinol and vitamin C are promising, but I am uncertain about niacinamide. It does so by neutralizing the metal ions in the formula (that usually get into there from water) that would otherwise cause some not so nice changes.

Sodium hydroxide in itself is a potent skin irritant, but once it's reacted (as it is usually in skin care products, like exfoliants) it is totally harmless. don’t know if it is because mine only had about ten months before expiration, this serum came out as a light brownish emulsion/milk that moved very little on its own. Information and statements about products are not intended to be used to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or health condition. A kind of polymer (big molecule from repeated subunits) that helps to create beautiful gel-like textures.

Review on Bioderma White Objective Lightening Fluid – not for you oily combination skins in the summer.

Thanks to all its beneficial components, Purslane Extract has several magic properties: it's a great anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent and also has wound healing abilities. Vitamin A - the most proven anti-aging ingredient available OTC that can smooth wrinkles and make skin firmer.However, I do like to try out products that unify the skin tone and reduce sun spots / acne marks and I know that those products have to be used over a period of time to show results.