We deliver to a number of international destinations including the USA. Please use the 'Change Location' link above for an estimate in your local currency or find out more about international delivery Ohmiya Y, Kojima S, Nakamura M, Niwa H. Bioluminescence in the limpet-like snail, Latia neritoides. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. The Chemical Society of Japan; 2005;78(7):1197-205 Meyer-Rochow VB. Glowworms: a review of Arachnocampa spp. and kin. Lumin. J. Biol. Chem. Lumin. Wiley Online Library; 2007;22(3):251-65 Widder EA, Greene CH, Youngbluth MJ. Bioluminescence of sound-scattering layers in the Gulf of Maine. J. Plankton Res. Oxford University Press; 1992;14(11):1607-24

Desjardin DE, Perry BA, Lodge DJ, Stevani C V, Nagasawa E. Luminescent Mycena: new and noteworthy species. Mycologia. Taylor & Francis; 2010;102(2):459-77

Comb jellies are the phylogenetically the most basic examples of bioluminescence in animals. Many species like Mnemiopsis [ 20, 37] use calcium activated coelenterazine as their bioluminescent substrate [ 4]. Some species, for example Beroe forskalii are known to produce myriad, cascading wave-patterns of intrinsic glow on their bodies, and some even emit a haze of glowing particles to startle the predator as a defensive measure, coupled with an escape response [ 38]. A majority of pelagic species are likely to exhibit bioluminescence [ 35]. The photo-proteins involved in bioluminescence in various genera like Mnemiopsis and Beroe have been studied, and are known to depend on calcium ions for their activity [ 39, 40]. Verdes A, Gruber DF. Glowing Worms: Biological, Chemical, and Functional Diversity of Bioluminescent Annelids. Integr. Comp. Biol. 2017;57(1):18-32 LALL AB, SELIGER HH, BIGGLEY WH, LLOYD JE. Ecology of Colors of Firefly Bioluminescence. Science (80-. ). [Internet]. 1980 Oct 31;210(4469):560-2. Available from: https://www.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.210.4469.560 Of all the bioluminescent systems that have been studied, fungal bioluminescence remains by far the most poorly investigated of them all, even though fungi are the only terrestrial eukaryotes that exhibit bioluminescence, besides animals [ 10]. This might be owing to the fact that most initial attempts at determining the enzymatic nature of fungal bioluminescence were failures, and have only recently been confirmed successfully [ 21]. The study of fungal bioluminescence has thus gained sudden prominence [ 22], and a genetically encodable bioluminescent system for eukaryotes has been developed [ 23]. Kaskova et al. conducted an extensive study of the fungal bioluminescence and colour modulation mechanisms [ 24].

Viviani VR, Bechara EJH. Bioluminescence and biological aspects of Brazilian railroad-worms (Coleoptera: Phengodidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. Oxford University Press Oxford, UK; 1997;90(3):389-98 Isobe M, Uyakul D, Goto T, Counsilman JJ. Dyakia bioluminescence—1. Bioluminescence and fluorescence spectra of the land snail, D. striata. J. Biolumin. Chemilumin. Wiley Online Library; 1988;2(2):73-9 Chew ALC, Desjardin DE, Tan Y-S, Musa MY, Sabaratnam V. Bioluminescent fungi from Peninsular Malaysia—a taxonomic and phylogenetic overview. Fungal Divers. Springer; 2015;70(1):149-87 Dinoflagellates are a group of cosmopolitan protistan organisms [ 29] having an ancient evolutionary history, which form one of the most important groups of phytoplankton in the aquatic ecosystems [ 30]. They are the only photosynthetic organisms that are capable of bioluminescence [ 30], and are the most dominant contributors to the occurrence of this phenomenon in the upper ocean [ 31]. Common phenomena like the “Red Tides” and the bioluminescent bays of Jamaica are because of the dramatic increase in the population of Gonyaulax and other dinoflagellate species. Gonyaulax polyedra is supposedly the most studied dinoflagellate species [ 20]. Other common bioluminescent genera are Ceratium, Protoperidinium, Pyrocystis, Noctiluca, [ 31] and Alexandrianum [ 29]. There have been inaccurate records of bioluminescent dinoflagellate species in the past, because of the presence of both bioluminescent as well as non-bioluminescent strains belonging to the same species. Difference in the ability has been observed even between cells of the same strain [ 31].Ian Amos, Operations Coordinator at PADI AWARE, said: “Kraken Rum has a rich history of supporting marine life, from the smallest sea critters to the biggest sea-dwellers, so we’re proud to be working together once again to save and protect the ocean. Every single bottle sold will help us continue our vital work of removing ocean debris, as well as training new volunteers to help us make an even bigger splash in 2022.” • The Kraken Rum unveils its second bottle from the ‘Unknown Deep’ limited-edition series, which was discovered by a crew of brave divers following a close encounter with The Beast itself. We were looking through so many iterations of all the characters, but especially Ruby,” notes Puertolas. “We even modeled and rigged three different versions of Ruby. In the end, I think we made the best decisions to make Ruby such a likeable character. We knew that we didn't want to do a realistic approach to an octopus, but we did extrapolate the animal’s curviness, softness, and bulbousness and applied that to the characters.” It is a common belief that bacterial bioluminescent systems were among the first to originate in nature. Bioluminescent bacteria are present in both terrestrial as well as aquatic habitats, and can be found all over the world. In fact, these bacteria can easily be sourced from any tissue or detritus lying on beaches, or even from uncooked seafood [ 4]. The glowing oceans, which are a spectacular result of these microorganisms, have been described in detail in the travails of Darwin, and can be observed, or rather enjoyed at various locations all over the world. Mayerhofer R, Langridge WHR, Cormier MJ, Szalay AA. Expression of recombinant Renilla luciferase in transgenic plants results in high levels of light emission. Plant J. 1995. p. 1031-8