Rate constant of interaction of TUDCA and its precursor UDCA with singlet oxygen has been determined in homogenous solution, while their impact on free radical-induced lipid peroxidation process has been studied in liposomes composed of peroxidizable lipids [ 62, 63].

Third-party testing provides peace of mind and ensures that you are getting a product that is safe and effective. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) reduce levels of “bad” low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and increase the proportion of “good” high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Bear bile contains several bile acids including taurochenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, and chenodeoxycholic acid. This article needs more reliable medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. AtRAL is photoreactive [ 60] and generates singlet oxygen with quantum yield of up to 30% upon excitation with 355 nm in benzene [ 61].In both retinal damage models: murine model of retinitis pigmentosa (rd10 strain) and excessive light induced retinal damage (LIRD) TUDCA supplementation greatly slowed retinal degeneration [ 9, 14]. Nowadays however, using the bile from bears has fallen out of favour and a synthetic form of the active ingredient has been named tudca powder by chemists and pharmaceutical companies. Summarized bimolecular rate constants of interaction of TUDCA and UDCA with singlet oxygen calculated from straight-line slopes presented in Figure 2B. This TUDCA supplement manufactured by Double Wood also went through third-party testing to ensure quality and potency.

Average values of quantities obtained in MD simulations are time averages calculated from the final 200 ns fragment of the trajectory.

Generally, TUDCA supplements are safe to consume as long as users follow the dosage recommendation of either the brand or healthcare professional.