Among the several structures, one of them has the most significant visual impact (VI) element: the pylon, also called mast or tower, which is a vertical and, usually, lattice structure. Many studies published in the related literature [ Shea and Smith, 2006; Byrne et al. (2015); Guo and Li, 2011; Chen et al. (2014); De Souza et al. (2016)] are focused on the Topology Optimization (TO) of these reticular structures, to reduce the amount of the material. Among the others, we underline the following works: Cicconi et al. (2020) developed a method to design and size a system of supports for electric lines that interacts with each other under specific load conditions using an approach based on the theory of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem. The object-oriented model of a transmission line has been described when the designer defines the variables to be optimized as geometrical dimensions, pole locations, cable pre-tension, etc., under a set of constraints. Hofer et al. (2022) face the cableway pylon design problem through a TO framework developed explicitly for large-scale engineering examples. The result is a lattice-truss-like topology developed into a high-performance, efficient and economical lightweight structure. To investigate the social and psychological factors that might explain preferences for alternative pylon designs, in Devine-Wright and Batel (2013), the “T-pylon” is compared with two other different designs: the “A frame”, namely the conventional pylon, and the “Totem”, whose design is not so far from the conventional one). The comparison is performed by considering the preferences of 1519 UK citizens for alternative designs. The results of the survey are multiple and interesting: Ollie's models performed well after more engine setting adjustments to take account of the weather, these changes will usually be a combination of compression ratio changes and prop (load) changes. Turnbull and Gourlay (1987) proposed for the first time a computer-based method for visual impact analysis: the proposed software application was able to evaluate alternative structures (e.g., transmission line pylons) based on data collection, visibility, and visualization requirements. This application suffers strongly from limitations because of the computer graphics available in the eighties; to the authors’ knowledge, there have been no updates. Friday morning turned out bright and sunny, with a repaired start-line scoreboard in place. We were all happy to get racing.

I started to paint landscape again, not in my earlier manner en plein air, but attempting to construct my pictures from rough drawings which I would elaborate in the studio, in the style of the Flemish and Italian masters whose work I had recently had so much opportunity of studying. This was the beginning of my ultimate phase in painting, and became the manner in which I have worked ever since. LC#3): the air temperature of –20°C, with the wind blowing perpendicularly to the line at 65km/h, ice sleeves on conductors or guard ropes; From round 2 Ollie was scoring well and had no issues with crankshafts as he was using the older material specification, by the end of day 2 Ollie had climbed to a fantastic 3 rd place on the leader board. Both we as an office and the client see an industrial historical value in keeping some of the big towers – they are quite amazing structures,"Berensson [the architect] told Dezeen. "They have a great potential to be used for other things than carrying power lines – it's a tower for free!" he said. "There is also of course economic benefit in not having to pay to tear them down."F3E Team awards (L-R): Team Australia, silver; Team Netherlands, gold; Team Germany, bronze. Saturday, Day Five: Judgement Day The first use of T-pylons is as part of National Grid’s Hinkley Connection Project, which is currently under construction in Somerset. The Obelisks are easy to make but the image maps are highly detailed and are exact copies of the carved hieroglyphs. To archive the level of accuracy I divided the obelisk into sections and made a photo of each section but leaving an overlap. Then when I returned to England I joined these photos together using the photo merge facility in Photoshop. This gave me a 300dpi photo which is 2832 X 13369 pixels (9.5” X 44.5” inches) – (23.98 X 113.19cm) As the event entered the seventh day the UK team has a story of two different positions. Ollie scored well and worked his way up into the lead of the competition by running fast and reliably, Nathan and Shane were carrying problem scores and were basically on their last chance with regard to being able to drop poor performances, this means that they would have to run consistently for the rest of the meeting. Currently, the only two commercially available engines in use are the venerable MB Profi, manufactured in Ukraine and assembled in Holland, and the DKT engine, manufactured in Italy. Both are extremely potent in the right hands. The most common tuned pipe is offered from Paulo Pompana out of Italy.

The opening ceremony took place at 9 a.m. on Tuesday, outside in the pouring rain. Fortunately, the speeches were kept short! The only guy with proper footwear was Matt Fehling, from Florida, who wore flip-flops (he’s familiar with rain squalls). The weather report was grim, with intermittent rain the whole week. Overhead power lines are attached to the pylons using ‘insulators’ made of materials that won’t conduct an electrical current – such as porcelain or glass. These prevent the steel towers from becoming live. The enhancement of the visual quality must not cause non-compliance with other requirements such as regulatory and industrial feasibility.When building the fuse, pre-curve the longerons with your fingers. This is essential to maintain the correct fuselage contours. Formers F3 and F4 are glued on in one piece. F3a is later cut loose and re-glued to match the wing chord precisely. F3a is cut loose and discarded. The missing stringer slots are cut after assembly. This is easily done by using a felt-tip pen to mark the slots with the aid of a light, flexible straightedge. When cutting a slot, place the former in question flat on the corner of the bench to support it. The single-blade F3E propellers are loud—loud enough to attract the attention of the local police when they were flown before 9 a.m. by one eager team! Conversely, the gear-reduced, large-diameter propellers are very quiet. The Competition Figure 7 summarizes the information used for the TO of the 3D CAD representative shape. The considered structure comprises the chain of insulators, including their 20 hoods and pins of tempered glass, the terminal tower, and any additional clamps. The material chosen for the pylon is the SAE 304 stainless steel, the most commonly used in these applications. The pylon is constrained by fixing its base. The loads are defined following the reference standard and regulatory requirements, which need all conductors and guard ropes to be intact in the following four load conditions (LC): So final UK positions were Ollie Witt 5th, Nathan Attridge 20th and Shane Egan 24th with the UK finishing over all 4th place, this is the highest UK team placing ever. After being silver medalists twice in the previous world championships, Randy, with caller Matt, Gino, and AJ have demonstrated great breath as a team. It wasn’t an easy win in the harsh, wet conditions, and I’m sure they all looked forward to catching up on lost sleep!

I called for F3E pilot Otto Dieffenbach and we were the only electric fliers to get in flights on Monday. Otto is a full-scale pilot and a master of reading the rain fronts. He established our presence by getting in five test flights in between the rain, hail, and lightning. We had the F3E course to ourselves because no one else ventured out into the wet, blustery conditions. The emphasis in the model is on scale fidelity - the only deviations are a bigger tail and more dihedral. Nevertheless, the model came out relatively light, less than 3/10 oz. Due to the cheek cowls, wheel pants, and half-shell construction, this is a somewhat complicated Peanut. If you are a beginner, or if you never built a flying scale ship before, I would not recommend the Rivets.To cope with this issue, some studies and guidelines provided by national institutions [e.g., United States Department of the Interior, 2013; Reed (2011); Environmental Protection Department (2013)] have been published in the literature. Reed (2011) defined the visual impact as any alteration to landscape natural features, such as landforms, waterways, or plants, as well as the addition of buildings or other man-made elements that alter the visual character or quality of a landscape due to visual contrasts in the basic elements of form, line, color and texture. Furthermore, Reed (2011) establishes a set of guidelines about siting and design, construction operations, decommissioning, and reclamation of infrastructures. In particular, the section “Design” provides the following advices: It must be noted that this FAI course size is different from any AMA class, so FAI pilots/callers must have the ability to adapt and fine-tune their timing accordingly.

With a new school year starting, getting a pylon up on the blog for September is always tough and with the middle of the month looming, I'd begun to think that it might not happen. Yesterday, however, I had a conversation with one of the students I teach and they mentioned that on the way to Heathrow fairly recently they had seen a line of pylons by the side of the motorway (so either the M4 or the M25). Immediately realising that it would be of interest to me they captured the view on their phone and you can see the result above. I don't have any more information that that, but thank you to the student for ensuring that September is not a pylon free month.

Sportsmanship is what it’s all about. Individual F3D winners (L-R): Randy Bridge and Matt Fehling (silver); Gunnar and Emil Broberg (gold); AJ Hemken and Gino Del Ponte (bronze). From spending every weekend at the club field when I was growing up, flying at model shows and fly-ins as part of the Overlander display team, obtaining a degree in aeronautical engineering and now working at one of the UK’s leading unmanned aircraft research companies, model aircraft have always been a large part of my life. If it’s being fed onto the transmission network, it enters a transmission substation where it passes through a supergrid transformer that steps it up into high-voltage electricity – up to 400,000 volts (400kV). This ensures greater efficiency and less energy loss as it travels around the national grid. There are plenty of ground plans of ancient Egyptian temples available and recreating the actual buildings is not so difficult if you’re familiar with 3D CAD or other such software.