Charles Hamilton Smith is credited with the name Rangifer for the reindeer genus, [36] which Albertus Magnus used in his De animalibus, fol.

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They are raised for their meat, hides and antlers and, to a lesser extent, for milk and transportation. The use of reindeer for transportation is common among the nomadic peoples of the Russian North (but not anymore in Scandinavia).

While Rangifer is a widespread and numerous genus in the northern Holarctic, being present in both tundra and taiga (boreal forest), [161] by 2013, many herds had "unusually low numbers" and their winter ranges in particular were smaller than they used to be. His grandmother was a member of the Caribou Clan, who travelled with the caribou as a means to survive. The name dates from George Edwards (1743), [91] who claimed to have seen a male specimen (“head of perfect horns. Environment Canada reported in 2011 that there were approximately 34 000 boreal woodland caribou in 51 ranges remaining in Canada ( Environment Canada, 2011b). In addition to meat, almost all of the internal organs of reindeer can be eaten, some being traditional dishes.

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The pads of the hoof change from a thick, fleshy shape in the summer to become hard and thin in the winter months, reducing the animal's exposure to the cold ground.Some of the Rangifer species and subspecies may be further divided by ecotype depending on several behavioral factors – predominant habitat use (northern, tundra, mountain, forest, boreal forest, forest-dwelling, woodland, woodland (boreal), woodland (migratory) or woodland (mountain), spacing (dispersed or aggregated) and migration patterns (sedentary or migratory).

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granti and the various forms of the Woodland Caribou are so great in almost every respect that no detailed comparison is necessary. Reindeer were introduced into Alaska near the end of the 19th century; they interbred with the native caribou subspecies there. While the first six names all make sense in English, the last two in German mean “thunder” and “flash,” respectively.The caribou is the official provincial animal of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, and appears on the coat of arms of Nunavut. Quebec-Labrador male caribou antlers can be significantly larger and wider than other woodland caribou. Largest of the caribou, exceeding in measurements the largest specimens of Rangifer osborni and Rangifer montanus. They "codified traditional principles of caribou management into tribal law" which include "limits on the harvest of caribou and procedures to be followed in processing and transporting caribou meat" and limits on the number of caribou to be taken per hunting trip.