Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil Granier, A. ( 1987). Evaluation of transpiration in a Douglas-fir stand by means of sap flow measurements. Tree Physiology, 3( 4), 309– 320. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/3.4.309 Marthews, T. R., Quesada, C. A., Galbraith, D. R., Malhi, Y., Mullins, C. E., Hodnett, M. G., & Dharssi, I. ( 2014). High-resolution hydraulic parameter maps for surface soils in tropical South America. Geoscientific Model Development, 7( 3), 711. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-7-711-2014 Martin-StPaul, N., Delzon, S., & Cochard, H. ( 2017). Plant resistance to drought depends on timely stomatal closure. Ecology Letters, 20( 11), 1437– 1447. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12851

Botanical Garden of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural State Forest Engineering University, Ekaterinburg, Russia The ecoFOG is applied through thermofogging equipment that does not produce fruit-damaging combustible gases. Pace International offers an integrated service for its postharvest solutions including mobile application units calls Trailer ecoFOG, which apply the product directly into the storage chamber as required. Wagner, F., Rossi, V., Stahl, C., Bonal, D., & Hérault, B. ( 2012). Water Availability Is the Main Climate Driver of Neotropical Tree Growth. PLoS ONE, 7( 4), e34074. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034074Proper management of fresh fruit during the period is essential for it tobe exported to the most demanding markets and pass phytosanitary inspections upon entry.

We assessed dehydration‐induced losses of rehydration capacity and maximum quantum yield of the photosystem II ( F v / F m ) in the leaves of 10 diverse angiosperm species, and tested when these occurred relative to turgor loss, declines of stomatal conductance g s , and hydraulic conductance K leaf , including xylem and outside xylem pathways for the same study plants. We resolved the sequences of relative water content and leaf water potential Ψ leaf thresholds of functional impairment. ecoFOG eliminates potential pathogen cross-contamination generated by decay pathogens contained in traditional drench solutions Ecosystems Services and Management, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria INRAUMR Ecofog BP 70197387 Kourou Cedex France; International Center for Tropical Botany Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University Miami Florida 33199. Plant Systematic and Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon

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We thank V Alt, P Châtelet, S Counil, P Gaucher, A Granchamp and B Leudet for assistance in the field. This work at the Nouragues Ecological Research Station used meteorological data partly funded by “Investissement d'Avenir” grants managed by Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01; ARBRE, ref. ANR-11-LABX-0002-01; ANAEE-France: ANR-11-INBS-0001) and by a grant from Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité (CLIMFOR, FRB grant to B. Hérault). On average, losses of leaf rehydration capacity occurred at dehydration beyond 50% declines of g s , K leaf and turgor loss point. Losses of F v / F m occurred after much stronger dehydration and were not recovered with leaf rehydration. Across species, tissue dehydration thresholds were intercorrelated, suggesting trait co‐selection. Thresholds for each type of functional decline were much less variable across species in terms of relative water content than Ψ leaf . Material and methods – Leaves of five shrub species were collected in 2019–2022 in Congolese old-growth forests (Yangambi Biosphere Reserve, DR Congo) from different positions on the shrub. These leaves were compared with herbarium specimens collected in the same area before 1960. For both periods, we assessed leaf size, specific leaf area, stomatal size, and stomatal density for all species. Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., & Smith, M. ( 1998). Crop evapotranspiration-guidelines for computing crop water requirements-FAO Irrigation and drainage paper 56. Rome, Italy: United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.

CNRS, UMR Ecofog Université Antilles Guyane BP 70997387 Kourou Cedex France; Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM) Observatoire Océanologique Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS 66650 Banyuls-sur-mer France. Nolf, M., Creek, D., Duursma, R., Holtum, J., Mayr, S., & Choat, B. ( 2015). Stem and leaf hydraulic properties are finely coordinated in three tropical rain forest tree species. Plant, Cell & Environment, 38( 12), 2652– 2661. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12581 Klein, T. ( 2014). The variability of stomatal sensitivity to leaf water potential across tree species indicates a continuum between isohydric and anisohydric behaviours. Functional Ecology, 28( 6), 1313– 1320. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12289 Tropical forests shelter the highest species diversity worldwide, although genus diversity is lower than expected. In the species‐rich genera, species complexes are composed of closely‐related species that share large amounts of genetic variation. Despite the key role of species complexes in diversification, evolution, and functioning of ecological communities, little is known on why species complexes arise and how they are maintained in Neotropical forests. Examining how individual phenotypes vary along environmental gradients, within and among closely‐related species within species complexes, can reveal processes allowing species coexistence within species complexes. We examined leaf functional trait variation with topography in a hyperdiverse tropical forest of the Guiana Shield. We collected leaf functional traits from 766 trees belonging to five species in two species complexes in permanent plots encompassing a diversity of topographic positions. We tested the role of topography on leaf functional trait variation with a hierarchical Bayesian model, controlling for individual tree diameter effect. We show that, mirroring what has been previously observed among species and communities, individual leaf traits covary from acquisitive to conservative strategy within species. Moreover, decreasing wetness from bottomlands to plateaus was associated with a shift of leaf traits from an acquisitive to a conservative strategy both across and within closely‐related species. Our results suggest that intraspecific trait variability widens species’ niches and converges at species’ margins where niches overlap, potentially implying local neutral processes. Intraspecific trait variability favors local adaptation and divergence of closely‐related species within species complexes. It is potentially maintained through interspecific sharing of genetic variation through hybridization. Choat, B., Jansen, S., Brodribb, T. J., Cochard, H., Delzon, S., Bhaskar, R., … Zanne, A. E. ( 2012). Global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought. Nature, 491( 7426), 752– 755. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11688Servicios Ecosistémicos y Cambio Climático (SECC), Fundación Con Vida & Corporación COL-TREE, Medellín, Colombia Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic Correlation between the sensitivity of tree sapflux density to changes in atmospheric demand as quantified by two alternatives metrics [(a): R E, (b): β E] and tree diameter at breast height (dbh, in mm) and leaf water potential at midday ( Ψ md, in MPa), respectively. R E and β E were quantified for each tree as the proportion of variance explained by PET and the coefficient of PET in the multiple regression with D s as dependent variable and PET and RSWC as independent variables. A higher R E and a higher β E quantify a higher sensitivity of water transport to changes in atmospheric demand. Dashed lines correspond to the fitted linear curves 4 DISCUSSION A new product developed by U.S.-based Pace International enables users to improve pathogen control on their kiwifruit and pome fruit while also reducing water usage during postharvest.

Stahl, C., Herault, B., Rossi, V., Burban, B., Brechet, C., & Bonal, D. ( 2013). Depth of soil water uptake by tropical rainforest trees during dry periods: Does tree dimension matter? Oecologia, 173( 4), 1191– 1201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2724-6 Meinzer, F. C., Smith, D. D., Woodruff, D. R., Marias, D. E., McCulloh, K. A., Howard, A. R., & Magedman, A. L. ( 2017). Stomatal kinetics and photosynthetic gas exchange along a continuum of isohydric to anisohydric regulation of plant water status. Plant, Cell & Environment, 40( 8), 1618– 1628. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12970

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Variation in relative daily sapflux density for the 22 sampled individuals. For each tree, daily sapflux density ( D s, in kgdm −2day −1) is given relative to its maximum during the sampling period. See Table 1 for tree codes Meir, P., Wood, T. E., Galbraith, D. R., Brando, P. M., Costa, A. C. L. D., Rowland, L., & Ferreira, L. V. ( 2015). Threshold responses to soil moisture deficit by trees and soil in tropical rain forests: Insights from field experiments. BioScience, 65( 9), 882– 892. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biv107 This method is a labour-saving technique which uses minimal product to potentially protect large volumes and spaces. The ‘value equation’ here means that the use of Cortec VPCI 337 products long term results in both savings of cost and time. Cortec VPCI 337 is highly effective treating both ferrous and non-ferrous metals as well as aluminium, plated steel & copper. Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO, USA Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School for Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany