Joined in 2023 
82 
63 About this deal
Immobility in the open-field test in male Wistar rats after systemic (i.p.) administration of Tween80 in saline + jojoba oil (CTR), FLZ (3 mg/kg) + jojoba oil (FLZ), Tween80 in saline + BEO (BEO), and FLZ (3 mg/kg) + BEO (FLZ + BEO). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of seconds ( n = 5 per group). , vs. CTR group (one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test). Likewise, the fed state of the subject is also of great importance when considering the bioavailability of BP since it can lead to significant differences in its absorption, as pointed out by independent studies on the pharmacokinetics of BP (Table 1). This hypothesis was, in fact, corroborated by Ehrsson et al. [ 21] (Ehrsson, 1994 #32), who demonstrated that under fasted state, no BP was detected in the plasma of 6 out of 9 subjects, 2 h after administration, and the determination of was only possible in 4 subjects (ranging from 15 to 88 μg/L). In contrast, BP was detected in all the 9 subjects of the nonfasted group, which exhibited a mean and AUC approximately 4 times higher than the fasted subjects, evidencing the importance of the administration of BP together with food for more efficient absorption. The bergamot orange is unrelated to the herbs known as bergamot, wild bergamot, bergamot mint, or bergamint – Monarda didyma, M. fistulosa, and Eau de Cologne mint ( Mentha, disputed species). Those are all in the mint family, and are named for their similar aroma.
Another report demonstrated that oral administration of BPF (300 mg/day) and Cynara cardunculus L. (300 mg/day) to patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver and type II diabetes mellitus resulted in a significant improvement by reducing oxidative stress/inflammatory biomarkers and an enhancement of NO-mediated reactive vasodilation [ 69]. In addition, the intervention significantly reduced the liver fat content measured by fibroscan, improved lipid profile, and diminished serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase [ 70]. Although these clinical trials suggest that the administration of bergamot can reduce total cholesterol and LDL, there are other studies where the beneficial effects on lipid profile or glucose levels have not been evidenced [ 71, 72]. Inhale as aromatherapy. Because many people use bergamot as an aromatherapy ingredient, it’s relatively easy to find bergamot oil wherever you shop for essential oils. You can add a few drops of bergamot oil to: According to several studies, the excretion of BP occurs shortly after its oral administration. The appearance of BP metabolites in the urine of human volunteers was reported to appear within 2 h after administration, while detection in serum was observed after 2.5 h, indicating that this compound undergoes rapid biotransformation within the intestinal wall and liver [ 23]. In another paper, a phototoxic reaction was observed after photo-addition of BP to DNA which was followed by enhanced human skin pigmentation that safeguards the epidermal cell DNA against further exposure to UV light [ 35] (Forlot, 2012 #23). Another study reported the phototoxic effects after exposure of albino guinea pig skin to furocoumarins, namely, oxypeucedanin and BP, present in lemon oil and UV irradiation (320-400 nm) [ 42]. The phototoxic potency of oxypeucedanin was merely one-quarter of that of BP.We have recently investigated the effect of bergamot juice against H. pylori in vitro and the potential therapeutic combination between bergamot juice and the antibiotics AMX, CLA, and MTZ [ 11]. We used two reference American Type Culture Collection strains of H. pylori (ATCC 43504 and ATCC 49503) and thirty-two clinical isolates recovered from gastric biopsy samples of dyspeptic adults undergoing digestive endoscopy. The 2.5% (v/v) concentration of BJ inhibited the growth of the clinical isolates tested by 50%, while 5% of BJ reduced H. pylori viability to 90%. Furthermore, concentration dependent killing was observed with BJ against all the tested strains. A >3log 10 difference in colony-forming unit (CFU) between BJ 1.25% and BJ 20.0% with H. pylori ATCC 49503 was achieved after 2 h, whereas complete killing was achieved with BJ (10% and 20%) after 8 h and with BJ (5%) after 24 h. BJ gave less killing against H. pylori ATCC 43504, with a complete bacterial killing after 6 h exposure (20% BJ). This outcome could be explained by the increased antibiotic resistance of H. pylori ATCC 43504 compared to H. pylori ATCC 49503 [ 4]. In the combination assays, the association of BJ with the reference antibiotics determined a reduction of >6log 10 for H. pylori ATCC 49503 after 8 h and for H. pylori ATCC 43504 after 24 h exposure to BJ. The association of BJ with the three reference antibiotics was more effective against H. pylori ATCC 49503 than H. pylori ATCC 43504. The most effective combination was BJ and CLA against the clinical isolate HP6 and HP61, with more rapid bacterial killing achieved with the cagA-positive strain (HP6). BPF is a powder with high concentrations of polyphenols and is made from the juice and pith of bergamot. BP has been evidenced to reduce the proliferation and induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells including MCF-7 and SKBR-3 through pathways dependent and independent of its photoactivation by UVA radiation [ 9, 49, 50]. The personal characteristics that were found in association with aromatherapy performance include degree of anxiety measured using the BAI . This study also found that aromatherapy was effective for moderate to severe anxiety groups. However, there was no significant statistical effect for the light anxiety group, which was stable for autonomic nervous activity. The function of aromatherapy is to drive the autonomic nervous activity toward a balanced state; therefore, there was limited physiological change after aromatherapy treatment. Whether aromatherapy is beneficial for long-term anxiety reduction is still an open issue.
Note - bergamot oil contains the highest concentration of bergapten of any essential oil. It’s so phototoxic oil that soaking in a bath with a few drops may trigger photosensitivity. To prevent this from happening, carry out a patch test to see how your skin responds to it. 21 Takeaway Urbach, F (1959). "Modification of ultraviolet carcinogenesis by photoactive agents". J Invest Dermatol. 32 (2, Part 2): 373–378. doi: 10.1038/jid.1959.63. PMID 13641813. To make a bergamot massage oil, combine 4-6drops of bergamot essential oil with 20ml of a cold-pressed carrier oil, lotion or vegetable butter. You can also inhale it by sprinkling some drops on to a cloth or tissue or into a diffuser or vapouriser. C. bergamia is sometimes confused with C. medica (the citron, the yellow fruit of which is also known as etrog), and with C. limetta, the "sweet lemon" or "sweet lime". Natural medicines have become increasingly popular for the treatment of certain diseases and occasionally represent the basic ingredients used in medicinal industries. A wide variety of compounds with health promoting properties have been identified in plants. Fruits and vegetables are known to contain at least several hundred different types of phenolic compounds, with identified antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties [ 1– 3]. The antimicrobial properties of natural compounds have gained growing attention over the last few decades: this is due to the increased antibiotic resistance to a vast number of bacterial strains. Therefore, discovering novel bioactive compounds from plant products could help eradicate a number of infectious diseases. We have previously reported the antibacterial activity of polyphenols-rich natural products, including almonds [ 4, 5], pistachios [ 6], Citrus plants [ 7], Vitis vinifera L. [ 8], Olea europaea L. [ 9], and Citrus bergamia essential oil [ 10] and juice [ 11]. In particular, the identification of novel compounds with bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic effect has attracted a lot of interest in recent years. Emerging research areas have also evaluated the role played by polyphenols that reach the large bowel, beneficially modulating the gut microbial ecosystem by increasing the number of Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Enterococcus spp. which are known for their anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory and cholesterol lowering properties through production of short chain fatty acids [ 12, 13].Sun sensitivity. Bergamot oil may be less safe as a skin treatment since it can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight. It may also be unsafe as a skin treatment for people who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Zoe Diana Draelos (14 October 2015). Cosmetic Dermatology: Products and Procedures. Wiley. pp.57–. ISBN 978-1-118-65546-7. Porcher, Michel H.; etal. (1995), Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (M.M.P.N.D): Sorting Citrus Names, The University of Melbourne BEO, like other essential oils, is widely used in aromatherapy to minimize symptoms of stress-induced anxiety though the underlying mechanism and its interference on GABAergic transmission remain to be elucidated [ 21, 22]. At this concentration, it’s believed that bergamot oil is likely safe and possibly effective in preventing minor skin infections.
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper. Authors’ ContributionsThe C. bergamia is frequently misidentified as C. hystrix ( kaffir lime), due to the latter occasionally going by the name "Thai Bergamot". This comprehensive review is aimed at analyzing the available information regarding the preclinical activity and the clinical pharmacological activity of BP and revealing the pending information for future use in clinical practice. 2. Review Methodology Rozza et al. [ 75] have reported on the gastroprotective mechanisms of Citrus lemon essential oil and its major compounds limonene and β-pinene and their activity in vitro against H. pylori ATCC 43504: results showed a gastroprotective effect of Citrus lemon and limonene with MIC values of 125 and 75 μg/mL, respectively. The role of β-myrcene, a minor constituent of essential oil from Citrus aurantium, in preventing peptic ulcer disease has been evaluated: results showed β-mircene was an effective inhibitor of gastric and duodenal ulcers through an increase in the levels of gastric mucosa defence factors [ 76]. Hesperetin-7- O-glucoside, produced by fungal enzymatic conversion of Citrus hesperidin, was active in vitro against H. pylori, also inhibiting human intestinal maltase and HMG-CoA reductase [ 77]. Other biologically active derivatives from Citrus fruits, such as 4′-geranyloxyferulic acid and boropinic acid, as well as sudachitin and 3′-demethoxysudachitin, were found active against H. pylori in vitro [ 78, 79].
Studies employing Citrus bergamia derivatives and their experimental model. 3. Helicobacter pylori Infection Notable differences in the bioavailability of BP were observed after administration of 1.2 mg/kg (unmicronized, under nonfasted condition) to the same subjects at different times during the day. Interestingly, the morning and afternoon administrations induced much lower C max and AUC than the evening administrations (175 ng/L and 3282 ng/L·h, respectively). These values, particularly the AUC, are also much higher compared to those reported in other studies (Table 1), indicating that chronobiological variations might have a great impact on BP bioavailability and should be considered in treatment regimens [ 22]. Prepare a solution for your skin. Combine 1 teaspoon of a carrier oil — like a vegetable or nut oil — with three drops of essential oil. You can also use water, but it may not dissolve as well. The open-field test is considered as an indicator of the emotional state of the animal, which allows an easy and fairly rapid assessment of well-defined behaviours, such as crossing, wall rearing, grooming, center, and immobility, and it is widely used in the screening of drugs that act on the central nervous system (CNS) [ 27]. Particularly, crossing and wall rearing can be, respectively, regarded as indicators of locomotor activity and exploratory behaviour, whereas grooming, center, and immobility are behaviours positively correlated with fear or emotionality [ 27– 29]. The rat was placed in the center of a dark plastic circular arena (75 cm diameter) in a sound proof room with 20 lux light [ 27]. The duration of each behavioural session was 20 min. The assessed parameters (general locomotor activity in an interval of 5 min (square limit crossings with both forepaws and wall rearing), anxiety-related behaviour (face and body grooming, head washing, and time spent in the center of arena), and immobility) were videotaped and analyzed to be scored (Labehaviour). 2.5. StatisticsOsteoporosis, also called “fragile bone disease,” is characterized by a decrease in bone density, generated by a demineralization process, by the loss of calcium and phosphorus in the bone [ 53, 54]. Bergamot plants produce flowers that have an extremely distinctive look about them. The flower heads consist of several tubular flowers that grow from the centre, creating a shaggy dome of petals. Bergamot flowers appear from early summer right through to early autumn. 5 What does bergamot smell like? Childhood seizures. Children have experienced more serious side effects from taking bergamot, including seizures and death. Serious side effects are more likely when children consume a lot of bergamot oil.
Great Deal 
New Comment