INES says that infrastructure operators assuming market roles such as buying and distributing commodities can change the set-up of a liberalised market to a degree where contract values become curbed and participation is deterred. Today only four German cities (and Vienna in Austria) have underground/metro (U-Bahn) lines: Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, and Nuremberg. A few cities, such as Cologne, Hanover and Stuttgart, have light-rail ( Stadtbahn) trains that sometimes run underground, but these are not true underground subway lines. (See “Stadtbahn” below.) The U-Bahn is a speedy way to get around in Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Nuremberg, and Vienna, with trains running in five to ten-minute intervals at peak traffic times.

There are buttons on posts along the aisle that you press to signal when you want to get off. Modern buses and trams have an electronic sign above the driver’s compartment that indicates the name of the next stop, and “Bus hält” (“bus will stop”) if someone has pressed the stop button. In some cases, you’ll hear a chime and a recorded voice that announces the name of the next stop. Always exit through the rear door. You may have to press a button to open the door if you are the first person to exit. The Hamburg service had established an experimental alternating current line in 1907. The whole network still used steam power until 1940, when the old locomotives were replaced by 1200 V DC electric ones. In 1934, the Hamburg-Altonaer Stadt- und Vorortbahn was renamed as S-Bahn. Schulze: Guilty – Convicted of aiding and abetting in nine counts of murder. Sentenced to three years of juvenile detention as he was only 20 years old at the time of the murders. In addition to numerous tram systems which have been shut down in the 20th century, there are also two systems which have ceased to be identified by their former name and/or ceased operating The NSU trial began on May 6, 2013, in the 6th Criminal Division of Munich's Higher Regional Court. Beate Zschäpe and four suspected accomplices were tried.

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Dönermorde und Nazi-Mordserie: Verfassungsschützer war regelmäßig in Kasseler Internetcafé – Kassel – Lokales – HNA Online" (in German). Hna.de. 16 November 2011 . Retrieved 11 September 2012. We'll have to see if the volumes come," said a source close to the sector. "They don't grow just because there is a tender." Current contracts broadly remain in place, but there are some obligations to adapt them to the new regime." a b "Dokumentierten rechtsextreme Täter ihre Hinrichtungen?". Hamburger Abendblatt (in German). 12 November 2011 . Retrieved 14 November 2011. Next, the series takes on the topic of "Mining and Industry". This episode reveals the hidden world of Germany's industrial heritage, exploring the abandoned mines, factories, and tunnels that once powered the country's economy. From the silver mines of the Harz Mountains to the coal mines of the Ruhr Valley, viewers will learn about the ingenuity and perseverance of the workers who toiled underground in some of the harshest conditions imaginable.

The trial was one of the biggest in Germany's postwar history. The extreme-right terror cell known as the National Socialist Underground (NSU) murdered 10 people, carried out two bombings and robbed banks in various German states between 2000 and 2007.urn:lcp:germanysundergro0000dull:epub:89bf0aba-3fe1-4415-9d6d-c28eb4c43155 Foldoutcount 0 Identifier germanysundergro0000dull Identifier-ark ark:/13960/s2nc56zfnn9 Invoice 1652 Isbn 0313202877 Lccn 78000746 Ocr tesseract 5.0.0-1-g862e Ocr_detected_lang en Ocr_detected_lang_conf 1.0000 Ocr_detected_script Latin Ocr_detected_script_conf 0.9273 Ocr_module_version 0.0.15 Ocr_parameters -l eng Old_pallet IA-NS-1200222 Openlibrary_edition After their deaths, Zschäpe made a video confession before setting the trio's home on fire. She turned herself in to the authorities four days later. Between 1998 and November 2011,Zschäpe, the main NSU trial defendant, lived a clandestine life with Mundlos and Böhnhardt. Nationwide, 160 police officers were tasked with the murder investigation. Speech by Federal Chancellor Merkel at the Central memorial ceremony to commemorate the victims of extreme right-wing violence. Retrieved 15 August 2012.

hr-online.de. " "Döner-Morde": Verfassungsschutz in der Kritik | hr1". hr-online.de . Retrieved 11 September 2012. The term “S-Bahn” is an abbreviation of “Stadtschnellbahn” (German for “city rapid rail”). The first urban rail system to be called an S-Bahn was introduced in 1930 when Berlin expanded its electrified rail network. After the original steam-locomotive smoke and noise had become a nuisance, Berlin inaugurated an electrified (third-rail, 800-volt DC) system in 1924. Today many cities all across Germany, Austria, and German Switzerland have a commuter rail system known as the S-Bahn.Berliner Unterwelten was founded in 1997 to explore, document and preserve the city’s subterranean architecture. The organization’s base is in a former air raid bunker in the Gesundbrunnen subway station, now a museum—the Unterwelten Museum (Subterranean Museum)—that offers various tours through Berlin’s underground. The bunker was cleared and reconstructed by the group and transformed into a museum while maintaining its original character. Hiding on four floors below Berlin are dozens of bunkers, tunnels, walkways, canals, the route of a pneumatic postal system, storage rooms, bomb and ammunition storage, and abandoned subway stations. Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, Article 21 (english translation). Retrieved 21 August 2012.

Lindner, Jan-Eric (12 November 2011). "Die mörderische Spur durch ganz Deutschland". Hamburger Abendblatt (in German) . Retrieved 14 November 2011. As the post- World War II rebuilding led to wealth and prosperity in West Germany, a modal shift towards travel by car motivated many larger city councils to plan the replacement of the tramways that were seen as a hindrance to car traffic with U-Bahn systems and bus routes. Nuremberg and Munich decided on a full U-Bahn (like those in Berlin and Hamburg) independent from their existing tramways, which were originally planned to be phased out but are now being expanded again. Stuttgart, Frankfurt, Cologne, Bonn, Düsseldorf, Duisburg, Bochum, Essen, Dortmund, Gelsenkirchen, Herne, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Hanover, Ludwigshafen, Mannheim and Bielefeld started to build tunnels for their existing trams, rebuilding tram lines underground. Those systems of tram in tunnels in city centre areas do not meet the criteria of a metro; they are instead light rail systems. Nonetheless, they are sometimes referred to as U-Bahn. With the exception of the Frankfurt Network, they are officially called Stadtbahn ("city railways") or U-Stadtbahn. Fromm quits. Next, please!" (Comment editorial) Berliner Zeitung (German). Retrieved 8 August 2012.

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Wohlleben: Guilty – Convicted of aiding and abetting nine murders by procuring the pistol used. Sentenced to ten years in prison.