Elizabeth was born in Mayfair, London, during the reign of her paternal grandfather, King GeorgeV. She was the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York (later King GeorgeVI and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother). Her father acceded to the throne in 1936 upon the abdication of his brother EdwardVIII, making the ten-year-old Princess Elizabeth the heir presumptive. She was educated privately at home and began to undertake public duties during the Second World War, serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. In November 1947, she married Philip Mountbatten, a former prince of Greece and Denmark, and their marriage lasted 73 years until his death in 2021. They had four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew, and Edward. Routledge, Paul (1994), Scargill: The Unauthorized Biography, London: Harper Collins, ISBN 0-0063-8077-8 Fisher, Connie (24 November 1992), "Annus horribilis speech", royal.uk, The Royal Household, archived from the original on 3 January 2017 , retrieved 18 April 2016

Queen Elizabeth II 1926-2022: Her life and reign in pictures Queen Elizabeth II 1926-2022: Her life and reign in pictures

Elizabeth of the United Kingdom" redirects here. For other uses, see Elizabeth of the United Kingdom (disambiguation) and ElizabethII (disambiguation).

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In November 1999, a referendum in Australia on the future of the Australian monarchy favoured its retention in preference to an indirectly elected head of state. [309] Many republicans credited Elizabeth's personal popularity with the survival of the monarchy in Australia. In 2010, Prime Minister Julia Gillard noted that there was a "deep affection" for Elizabeth in Australia and that another referendum on the monarchy should wait until after her reign. [310] Gillard's successor, Malcolm Turnbull, who led the republican campaign in 1999, similarly believed that Australians would not vote to become a republic in her lifetime. [311] "She's been an extraordinary head of state", Turnbull said in 2021, "and I think frankly, in Australia, there are more Elizabethans than there are monarchists". [312] Similarly, referendums in both Tuvalu in 2008 and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines in 2009 saw voters reject proposals to become republics. [313] Wyatt, Woodrow (1999), Curtis, Sarah (ed.), The Journals of Woodrow Wyatt, vol.II, Macmillan, ISBN 0-3337-7405-1

Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor (1926-2022) | WikiTree FREE Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor (1926-2022) | WikiTree FREE

At the end of the war in Europe, on Victory in Europe Day, Elizabeth and Margaret mingled incognito with the celebrating crowds in the streets of London. Elizabeth later said in a rare interview, "We asked my parents if we could go out and see for ourselves. I remember we were terrified of being recognised... I remember lines of unknown people linking arms and walking down Whitehall, all of us just swept along on a tide of happiness and relief." [35]The only previous state visit by a British monarch to Russia was made by King EdwardVII in 1908. The King never stepped ashore, and met NicholasII on royal yachts off the Baltic port of what is now Tallinn, Estonia. [155] [156] During the four-day visit, which was considered to be one of the most important foreign trips of Elizabeth's reign, [157] she and Philip attended events in Moscow and Saint Petersburg. [158] ElizabethII (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21April 1926–8September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6February 1952 until her death in 2022. She was queen regnant of 32 sovereign states over the course of her lifetime and remained the monarch of 15 realms by the time of her death. Her reign of over 70 years is the longest of any British monarch and the longest verified reign of any female head of state in history. Bond 2006, pp.66–67, 84, 87–89; Bradford 2012, pp.160–163; Hardman 2011, pp.22, 210–213; Lacey 2002, pp.222–226; Marr 2011, p.237; Pimlott 2001, pp.378–392; Roberts 2000, pp.84–86 Goodey, Emma (21 December 2015), "Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother", The Royal Family, Royal Household, archived from the original on 7 May 2016 , retrieved 18 April 2016